diff --git a/VERSION b/VERSION
index 620104d8..43c125a0 100644
--- a/VERSION
+++ b/VERSION
@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.46.1
+0.46.2
diff --git a/docs/CHANGELOG.md b/docs/CHANGELOG.md
index 6adbeab3..2ddd9c95 100644
--- a/docs/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/docs/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -8,6 +8,20 @@ This project follows the repository versioning rule:
 - `improvement` -> `+0.0.1`（bugfix + 小功能混合）
 - `bugfix` -> `+0.0.1`
 
+## [0.46.2] — 2026-04-30
+
+Released: 2026-04-30
+
+### 🐛 Fixes
+- 修复 Earth 启动时高清材质、云图和图层可见性绕过 `startupPriority` 的问题，统一由启动队列按文档顺序加载。
+- 修复保存为关闭的高清材质/图层仍会先加载再关闭的问题，并保持海陆基座作为国界线图层的常驻底图。
+- 修复搜索跳转会误关媒体面板、船只轨迹末端不贴合当前船只、Iridium footprint 被地表层遮挡等 Earth 交互问题。
+
+### 📝 Documentation
+- 更新 Earth 图层顺序、样式参考、使用手册和 AIS 聚合计划，补齐中英文说明与后续接入策略。
+
+---
+
 ## [0.46.1] — 2026-04-30
 
 Released: 2026-04-30
diff --git a/docs/plans/README.md b/docs/plans/README.md
index 1ca4f784..31c25ac5 100644
--- a/docs/plans/README.md
+++ b/docs/plans/README.md
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 - [earth-news-source-configuration-and-collector-plan.md](/home/ray/dev/linkong/planet/docs/plans/earth-news-source-configuration-and-collector-plan.md)
 - [earth-news-cruise-summary-plan.md](/home/ray/dev/linkong/planet/docs/plans/earth-news-cruise-summary-plan.md)
 - [earth-vessel-rendering-performance-plan.md](/home/ray/dev/linkong/planet/docs/plans/earth-vessel-rendering-performance-plan.md)
+- [AIS 多源采集、冲突记录与聚合接口计划](/home/ray/dev/linkong/planet/docs/plans/earth-vessel-ais-aggregation-plan.md)
 - [earth-interactable-layer-plan.md](/home/ray/dev/linkong/planet/docs/plans/earth-interactable-layer-plan.md)
 - [frontend-public-docs-site-plan.md](/home/ray/dev/linkong/planet/docs/plans/frontend-public-docs-site-plan.md)
 - [frontend-ai-playground-development-plan.md](/home/ray/dev/linkong/planet/docs/plans/frontend-ai-playground-development-plan.md)
diff --git a/docs/plans/earth-interactable-layer-plan.md b/docs/plans/earth-interactable-layer-plan.md
index f6940a58..29d67010 100644
--- a/docs/plans/earth-interactable-layer-plan.md
+++ b/docs/plans/earth-interactable-layer-plan.md
@@ -272,7 +272,8 @@ hover / locked 使用少量 overlay：
 ### Phase 3：迁移算力中心并评估登陆点
 
 - 算力中心保留现有业务 icon，但接入统一 hover / locked / glow。（已完成）
-- 登陆点曾接入同一套 `Points` 渲染，但 pin 类 SVG 在地球边缘会被深度测试裁切；当前保留专用 `THREE.Sprite`，并使用 canvas 生成黄色扁平球，贴到海缆层级。后续如要重新设计登陆点，需要先确认图标能在边缘视角完整显示。
+- 登陆点曾接入同一套 `Points` 渲染，但 pin 类 SVG 在地球边缘会被深度测试裁切；当前保留专用 `THREE.Sprite`，并使用 canvas 生成黄色扁平球，贴到海缆层级。
+- TODO：登陆点暂不迁移到完整 Interactable。后续若要统一交互接口，优先考虑 Sprite-backed adapter，只对齐 `getMarkers()`、`getPointerIntersections()`、`setMarkerState()`、`updateVisualState()` 等外观协议，不强行复用 `THREE.Points`、atlas 和跨图层避让。
 - 检查图例、搜索和 info-card 是否只依赖业务 payload，而不是依赖渲染对象类型。
 
 ### Phase 4：形成 Earth 图标层规范
diff --git a/docs/plans/earth-vessel-ais-aggregation-plan.md b/docs/plans/earth-vessel-ais-aggregation-plan.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2728ae33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/plans/earth-vessel-ais-aggregation-plan.md
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+# AIS 多源采集、冲突记录与聚合接口计划
+
+**状态**：规划中  
+**创建日期**：2026-04-30  
+**核心原则**：采集器只写原始观测；去重、合并、冲突解释放在聚合接口中完成
+
+## 已确认决策
+
+| 项目 | 决策 |
+|-----|------|
+| AISStream 接入方式 | 单独实现 WebSocket 采集器，不塞进现有 BarentsWatch HTTP collector |
+| 采集器职责 | 连接上游、标准化字段、写入原始观测，不直接决定最终展示值 |
+| 去重合并位置 | 放在聚合服务和聚合 API 中，而不是散落在每个 collector 的保存逻辑里 |
+| 冲突处理 | 先记录冲突事实和当前选择原因，后续再开放用户规则配置 |
+| 默认可信度 | 同类 AIS 数据源优先按 `delivery_mode` 评估：`realtime_stream` 优于 `batch_stream`，再优于 `polling` 和 `snapshot` |
+| 过期保护 | 实时流源断流超过 freshness 窗口后，不能仅凭“实时源”身份压过更新的轮询数据 |
+
+## 背景
+
+当前 AIS 链路以 BarentsWatch 为主。它是 HTTP polling 模式，覆盖挪威附近海域，适合作为稳定的免费起点，但不适合承担全球实时船只数据的全部职责。后续接入 AISStream 后，会出现同一个 MMSI 被多个来源同时上报的情况：
+
+- 位置、航速、航向可能在多个来源之间存在秒级差异。
+- 船名、IMO、呼号、船型、尺寸等静态字段可能不完整，甚至互相冲突。
+- WebSocket 或其他实时流通常更接近实时，但也可能断流或批量延迟。
+- 如果每个 collector 自己做去重合并，规则会分散、不可审计，也很难让用户后续配置“某个字段信任哪个来源”。
+
+因此 v1 不应让采集器直接覆盖最终船只表。更稳的方式是先保留观测事实，再由聚合接口统一给出当前展示视图。
+
+## 目标架构
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    A[BarentsWatch HTTP collector] --> D[AIS raw observations]
+    B[AISStream WebSocket collector] --> D
+    C[Custom mapped vessel_ais sources] --> D
+    D --> E[AIS aggregation service]
+    E --> F[Conflict records]
+    E --> G[GeoJSON vessels API]
+    E --> H[Vessel detail API]
+    I[Aggregation strategy config] --> E
+```
+
+### 原始观测层
+
+原始观测层保存每个来源看到的事实。建议模型包含：
+
+| 字段 | 用途 |
+|-----|------|
+| `target_schema` | 例如 `vessel_ais` |
+| `source` | 例如 `barentswatch_vessels`、`aisstream_vessels` |
+| `entity_key` | AIS 使用 MMSI |
+| `delivery_mode` | `realtime_stream`、`batch_stream`、`polling`、`snapshot` |
+| `transport` | `websocket`、`sse`、`http`、`file` 等 |
+| `observed_at` | 上游数据时间，优先使用 AIS 消息时间 |
+| `collected_at` | 本系统接收或采集时间 |
+| `normalized_payload` | 标准化后的 AIS JSON |
+| `raw_payload` | 可选，保存原始或裁剪后的上游记录 |
+
+`delivery_mode` 和 `transport` 不应混为一谈。WebSocket 是传输方式；streaming 是交付模式。聚合可信度主要看 `delivery_mode`，`transport` 只作为辅助信息。
+
+### 冲突记录层
+
+聚合服务发现同一个实体、同一个字段存在多个非空不同值时，写入冲突记录。冲突记录不代表错误，只代表“有多个可用候选值”。
+
+```json
+{
+  "target_schema": "vessel_ais",
+  "entity_key": "257123000",
+  "field": "name",
+  "candidates": {
+    "barentswatch_vessels": "OSLO TRADER",
+    "aisstream_vessels": "OSLO TRADER II"
+  },
+  "selected_source": "aisstream_vessels",
+  "selected_value": "OSLO TRADER II",
+  "selected_reason": "delivery_mode_priority",
+  "resolved_by": "system",
+  "status": "open"
+}
+```
+
+第一阶段只需要记录冲突和当前选择原因，不需要做人工逐条确认。后续 UI 的目标也不是让用户处理每条冲突，而是把冲突沉淀成字段级规则。
+
+## 聚合规则
+
+### 字段分类
+
+| 类型 | 字段 | 默认策略 |
+|-----|------|----------|
+| 动态位置 | `lat`、`lon`、`sog`、`cog`、`heading`、`nav_status` | 优先最新 `observed_at`，同时间再按来源优先级 |
+| 静态身份 | `name`、`callsign`、`imo`、`flag` | 非空优先，再按字段策略或来源优先级 |
+| 静态规格 | `vessel_type`、`vessel_type_name`、`length`、`width`、`draught` | 非空优先；冲突时记录候选值 |
+| 元信息 | `field_sources`、`conflict_count`、`selected_reasons` | 聚合接口生成，便于调试和后续 UI 展示 |
+
+### 默认优先级
+
+默认优先级应使用两个维度：
+
+```yaml
+delivery_mode_priority:
+  - realtime_stream
+  - batch_stream
+  - polling
+  - snapshot
+
+transport_priority:
+  - websocket
+  - sse
+  - http
+  - file
+```
+
+`delivery_mode_priority` 是主判断。比如 AISStream 如果提供实时推送，应标记为 `realtime_stream + websocket`；BarentsWatch 当前是 `polling + http`。
+
+### 断流保护
+
+实时流不能永久凭身份占优。聚合时需要 freshness 窗口：
+
+```yaml
+freshness:
+  realtime_stream_seconds: 900
+  polling_seconds: 3600
+```
+
+如果 `aisstream_vessels` 最近 15 分钟没有该 MMSI 的新观测，而 BarentsWatch 轮询源有更新位置，则位置类字段应采用 BarentsWatch 的更新观测，并记录选择原因 `newest_observation` 或 `freshness_fallback`。
+
+## 聚合接口
+
+现有展示接口应逐步改为消费聚合服务，而不是自己直接拼 `VesselPosition + VesselStatic`。
+
+```text
+GET /api/v1/visualization/geo/vessels
+GET /api/v1/visualization/vessels/{mmsi}
+GET /api/v1/visualization/vessels/{mmsi}/track
+GET /api/v1/visualization/vessels/{mmsi}/conflicts
+```
+
+GeoJSON properties 建议增加：
+
+```json
+{
+  "mmsi": 257123000,
+  "name": "OSLO TRADER",
+  "lat": 59.91,
+  "lon": 10.73,
+  "received_at": "2026-04-30T10:00:00Z",
+  "field_sources": {
+    "name": "aisstream_vessels",
+    "lat": "aisstream_vessels",
+    "lon": "aisstream_vessels",
+    "vessel_type": "barentswatch_vessels"
+  },
+  "selected_reasons": {
+    "name": "delivery_mode_priority",
+    "lat": "newest_observation",
+    "vessel_type": "non_empty_priority"
+  },
+  "conflict_count": 2
+}
+```
+
+## 开放配置计划
+
+### Phase 1 — 内置默认策略和只读解释
+
+- 实现后端默认策略。
+- 聚合接口返回 `field_sources`、`selected_reasons`、`conflict_count`。
+- 冲突记录可查询，但不允许用户修改。
+- 保持现有前端船只图层接口形状基本兼容，新增字段只作为调试和后续 UI 输入。
+
+### Phase 2 — 系统设置中的 JSON/YAML 策略配置
+
+新增系统设置项，例如：
+
+```yaml
+collector_aggregation:
+  vessel_ais:
+    source_priority:
+      - aisstream_vessels
+      - barentswatch_vessels
+    field_rules:
+      name:
+        mode: source_priority
+      vessel_type:
+        mode: source_priority
+        source_priority:
+          - barentswatch_vessels
+          - aisstream_vessels
+      lat:
+        mode: newest
+      lon:
+        mode: newest
+```
+
+配置校验要求：
+
+- 未知 source 只警告，不阻断保存，便于先配置后启用。
+- 未知 field 必须拒绝，避免拼写错误悄悄失效。
+- 动态位置字段默认不允许被固定来源永久锁死，除非显式开启高级选项。
+- 空值不覆盖非空值是全局保护，不建议开放关闭。
+
+### Phase 3 — 冲突治理 UI
+
+基于冲突记录提供页面或 drawer：
+
+- 查看某个 MMSI 的冲突字段。
+- 查看每个字段的候选来源和值。
+- 查看当前选择原因。
+- 将一次人工选择保存成字段规则，而不是只处理单条冲突。
+- 支持恢复默认策略。
+
+## AISStream 采集器计划
+
+AISStream 采集器单独实现，建议命名为 `aisstream_vessels`。它的职责是：
+
+- 维护 WebSocket 连接、订阅范围和重连。
+- 将上游 AIS 消息标准化为 `vessel_ais` payload。
+- 标记 `delivery_mode = realtime_stream`，`transport = websocket`。
+- 写入原始观测层。
+- 不直接 upsert 最终展示数据。
+
+配置应放入采集器设置，而不是硬编码：
+
+```yaml
+aisstream_vessels:
+  api_key: "${AISSTREAM_API_KEY}"
+  bounding_boxes:
+    - [[-180, -90], [180, 90]]
+  message_types:
+    - PositionReport
+    - ShipStaticData
+```
+
+## 实施顺序
+
+1. 新增原始观测模型和冲突记录模型。
+2. 实现 AIS 聚合服务，先从现有 `vessel_position` / `vessel_static` 兼容读取，再逐步切换到原始观测层。
+3. 将 `/geo/vessels` 和 `/vessels/{mmsi}` 改为走聚合服务。
+4. 改造 BarentsWatch 保存逻辑，让它写入原始观测，同时保留现有表作为兼容缓存。
+5. 实现 AISStream WebSocket collector。
+6. 接入系统设置中的聚合策略配置。
+7. 做冲突治理 UI。
+
+## 测试计划
+
+- 同一来源同一 `mmsi + observed_at + lat + lon` 重复记录只聚合一次。
+- 多来源同一 MMSI 的位置字段优先选择最新观测。
+- 实时流和轮询源同时间冲突时，实时流优先。
+- 实时流过期后，更新的轮询源可以接管动态字段。
+- 静态字段不会被空值覆盖。
+- 静态字段冲突会写入冲突记录。
+- 字段级配置可以覆盖默认来源优先级。
+- 聚合接口在没有冲突表时仍可返回兼容 GeoJSON。
+
+## 相关文件
+
+- [实时船只监控系统计划](/home/ray/dev/linkong/planet/docs/plans/earth-vessel-tracking-plan.md)
+- [自定义 API 数据源与 LLM 映射系统计划](/home/ray/dev/linkong/planet/docs/plans/datasource-custom-api-mapping-plan.md)
+- [BarentsWatch AIS collector](/home/ray/dev/linkong/planet/backend/app/services/collectors/vessel_ais.py)
+- [船只模型](/home/ray/dev/linkong/planet/backend/app/models/vessel.py)
+- [可视化 API](/home/ray/dev/linkong/planet/backend/app/api/v1/visualization.py)
diff --git a/docs/plans/earth-vessel-tracking-plan.md b/docs/plans/earth-vessel-tracking-plan.md
index f38d399b..24c31dd1 100644
--- a/docs/plans/earth-vessel-tracking-plan.md
+++ b/docs/plans/earth-vessel-tracking-plan.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 | 船只规模 | BarentsWatch 阶段全部显示；全球数据接入后按需加船型过滤（默认 Cargo + Tanker + Passenger） |
 | 更新频率 | 准实时：前端 5 分钟轮询，后端 Collector 每分钟拉取写库 |
 | 历史轨迹 | 保留（`vessel_position` 表保留 24h，后期按需扩展） |
-| 推送方式 | HTTP 轮询（不用 WebSocket）；换实时数据源后再评估升级 |
+| 推送方式 | 前端展示仍可先用 HTTP 拉取聚合结果；AISStream 等实时源应单独实现 WebSocket 采集器 |
 
 ---
 
@@ -36,13 +36,19 @@
 - 字段：mmsi, lat, lon, sog, cog, heading, nav_status, name, vessel_type, flag
 - 刷新频率：数据约 30–60s 更新一次，可随意轮询
 
-### TODO：付费数据源接入
+### TODO：多源 AIS 与实时流接入
 
+- [ ] 接入 AISStream WebSocket 采集器，作为 BarentsWatch 覆盖不足的实时补充
+- [ ] 将 BarentsWatch、AISStream、自定义 `vessel_ais` 映射源统一写入原始观测层
+- [ ] 通过聚合接口做去重、字段合并、冲突记录和默认来源选择
+- [ ] 开放字段级聚合策略配置，让用户决定不同字段优先信任哪个来源
 - [ ] 评估 AISHub 订阅（全球覆盖，约 $30/月），接入全球实时流
 - [ ] 评估 MarineTraffic API tier，对比 AISHub 数据质量与成本
 - [ ] 实现多数据源适配器，通过 `datasource_config` 切换
 - [ ] 真实高频 AIS 稳定接入后，评估将 `vessel_position` 迁移为 TimescaleDB hypertable（保留 Postgres 原生分区作为备选）
 
+多源 AIS 的详细设计见 [AIS 多源采集、冲突记录与聚合接口计划](/home/ray/dev/linkong/planet/docs/plans/earth-vessel-ais-aggregation-plan.md)。
+
 ---
 
 ## 二、实施计划
@@ -151,12 +157,13 @@ GeoJSON Feature 格式：
 
 #### 1.4 更新机制
 
-**HTTP 轮询**（不使用 WebSocket）：
+**前端聚合结果拉取 + 后端实时采集**：
 
 - 前端 `setInterval(fetchVessels, 5 * 60 * 1000)` 定期拉取最新快照
-- 后端 Collector 每 60s 从 BarentsWatch 拉取并写库，`vessel_latest` 物化视图随时可查
-- WebSocket 留给告警/事件驱动场景（BGP、系统通知），不混入周期性位置刷新
-- 换用 AISHub / MarineTraffic 实时流后，届时再评估是否升级为 WebSocket delta push
+- 后端 BarentsWatch collector 继续以 HTTP polling 方式采集
+- AISStream 等实时源以独立 WebSocket collector 写入原始观测层
+- 展示接口从聚合服务读取当前船只视图，而不是由单个 collector 决定最终展示值
+- 前端是否升级为 WebSocket delta push 是独立优化，不影响后端采集器可以使用 WebSocket 接上游实时源
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/docs/technical/en/earth-layer-style-reference.md b/docs/technical/en/earth-layer-style-reference.md
index 2d89bbb2..7d333bbd 100644
--- a/docs/technical/en/earth-layer-style-reference.md
+++ b/docs/technical/en/earth-layer-style-reference.md
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ This document records the material, color, opacity, line width, radius offset, a
 
 ## Land/Ocean Base and Country Borders
 
+The land/ocean base is an Earth base-map asset and preloads at startup; the "Border Lines" layer toggle only controls normal border lines, hover lines, and interactive hover.
+
 | Name | Variable | Current Value | Location / Notes |
 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | Country border data path | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.dataPath` | `"/earth/data/countries-admin0.min.geojson"` | GeoJSON input |
@@ -89,11 +91,11 @@ This document records the material, color, opacity, line width, radius offset, a
 | Border line color | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.lineColor` | `0x7fc7ff` | Normal border line |
 | Border line opacity | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.lineOpacity` | `0.58` | Normal border line opacity |
 | Border dimmed opacity on hover | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.dimmedLineOpacity` | `0.18` | Normal border opacity during hover |
-| Border line radius offset | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.lineAltitudeOffset` | `0.24` | Normal border line radius |
+| Border line radius offset | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.lineAltitudeOffset` | `0.115` | Normal border line radius; slightly above HD texture `0.10` and below terrain base `0.16` to reduce floating |
 | Border line renderOrder | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.lineRenderOrder` | `2.2` | Normal border line level |
 | Border hover color | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.hoverLineColor` | `0xff3b1f` | Neon red-orange |
 | Border hover opacity | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.hoverLineOpacity` | `1.0` | Hover line opacity |
-| Border hover radius offset | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.hoverAltitudeOffset` | `0.32` | Hover line radius |
+| Border hover radius offset | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.hoverAltitudeOffset` | `0.14` | Hover line radius; close to the surface but above normal border lines |
 | Border hover renderOrder | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.hoverLineRenderOrder` | `2.3` | Hover line level |
 | Border hover glow opacity | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.hoverGlowOpacity` | `0.38` | Glow line opacity |
 | Border hover glow line width | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.hoverGlowLineWidth` | `3` | Glow `LineBasicMaterial.linewidth` |
@@ -143,13 +145,14 @@ This document records the material, color, opacity, line width, radius offset, a
 | Landing point radius offset | `CABLE_CONFIG.landingPoint.altitudeOffset` | `0.2` | Same surface height as cable lines, avoiding a floating marker |
 | Landing point sprite height | local `LANDING_POINT_SPRITE_HEIGHT` | `3` | `THREE.Sprite` base height |
 | Landing point reference FOV | local `LANDING_POINT_SIZE_REFERENCE_FOV` | `75` | Matches the current Earth camera FOV |
-| Landing point scale minimum | local `LANDING_POINT_SIZE_SCALE_MIN` | `0.36` | Minimum multiplier at maximum zoom; `3 * 0.36 = 1.08` |
+| Landing point scale minimum | local `LANDING_POINT_SIZE_SCALE_MIN` | `0.16` | Minimum multiplier after roughly 200% zoom, limiting high-zoom screen footprint; `3 * 0.16 = 0.48` |
 | Landing point scale maximum | local `LANDING_POINT_SIZE_SCALE_MAX` | `3` | Maximum multiplier at far distance; current minimum zoom reaches roughly `2.50` |
 | Landing point atlas size | local `LANDING_POINT_ATLAS_CELL_SIZE` | `128` | Canvas flat shaded sphere texture size |
 | Landing point color | `CABLE_CONFIG.landingPoint.color` | `0xffaa00` | `SpriteMaterial.color` |
 | Landing point opacity | `CABLE_CONFIG.landingPoint.opacity` | `1.0` | `SpriteMaterial.opacity` |
 | Landing point renderOrder | `CABLE_CONFIG.landingPoint.renderOrder` | `1` | Same level as cable lines; `depthTest: false` keeps the ball whole, while camera-to-center globe occlusion hides back-side points |
 | Landing point dim brightness | `landingPointVisual.dimBrightness` | `0.62` | Dim state color multiplier |
+| Related landing point opacity | `landingPointVisual.related.opacityBase / opacityPulse` | `0.8 / 0.2` | Highlight pulse |
 | Dimmed landing point color | `landingPointVisual.dimmed.colorRGB` | `{ r: 180, g: 116, b: 28 }` | Dim state color; avoids dark base showing through as a dark hole |
 | Dimmed landing point opacity | `landingPointVisual.dimmed.opacity` | `0.78` | Dim state opacity; no longer uses low alpha blending with dark base |
 
@@ -168,7 +171,21 @@ This document records the material, color, opacity, line width, radius offset, a
 | Satellite trail line width | `SATELLITE_CONFIG.trailLineWidth` | `3` | Ribbon shader uniform |
 | Selected ring size | `SATELLITE_CONFIG.ringSize` | `0.07` | Hover / locked ring sprite |
 | Satellite overlay renderOrder | `SATELLITE_CONFIG.overlayRenderOrder` | `12` | Locked ring / halo / orbit |
-| Footprint renderOrder | local `GROUND_FOOTPRINT_RENDER_ORDER` | `3` | Footprint fill |
+| Footprint renderOrder | local `GROUND_FOOTPRINT_RENDER_ORDER` | `3` | Starlink footprint fill and Iridium coverage ring; must stay above land / texture / terrain surface layers |
+
+## AIS Vessels
+
+| Name | Variable | Current Value | Location / Notes |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Vessel radius offset | `VESSEL_CONFIG.altitudeOffset` | `0.2` | Normal marker position, close to the real terrain base layer |
+| Vessel track radius offset | `VESSEL_CONFIG.track.altitudeOffset` | `0.2` | Selected vessel track line, aligned to the vessel marker radius; the frontend anchors the track endpoint to the current marker position |
+| Vessel renderOrder | local `VESSEL_RENDER_ORDER` | `4.4` | Normal marker and interactive overlay |
+| Vessel track renderOrder | `VESSEL_RENDER_ORDER - 0.1` | `4.3` | Below vessel markers |
+| Vessel point pixel size | local `VESSEL_POINT_SIZE` | `34` | Shared size for normal markers and hover / locked overlays |
+| Vessel texture canvas size | local `VESSEL_ATLAS_CELL_SIZE` | `128` | Canvas point texture |
+| Course bucket count | local `VESSEL_COURSE_BINS` | `32` | Moving vessels are bucketed by COG to reduce draw calls while preserving direction |
+| Vessel hover picking throttle | local `VESSEL_HOVER_PICK_INTERVAL_MS` | `100` | `main.js` hover picking |
+| Vessel screen hit radius | local `VESSEL_POINTER_RADIUS_PX` | `22` | `main.js` screen-space picking |
 
 ## Compute Centers
 
diff --git a/docs/technical/en/earth-render-layer-order.md b/docs/technical/en/earth-render-layer-order.md
index 3105c882..3f15329c 100644
--- a/docs/technical/en/earth-render-layer-order.md
+++ b/docs/technical/en/earth-render-layer-order.md
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ Note: the layer control panel order and the registration / startup load order ar
 
 | Order type | Current sequence | Notes |
 | --- | --- | --- |
-| Control panel order | Cables → Trails → Satellites → Compute Centers → BGP → Terrain → HD Texture → Cloud Layer → Borders → Grid | Controlled by `displayOrder`, sorted by operational relevance. |
-| Registration / startup load order | Grid → Borders → HD Texture → Cloud Layer → Cables → Compute Centers → BGP → Satellites | Controlled by registration order and `startupPriority`, sorted surface-to-sky; Trails and Terrain are dependency/optional display layers and do not participate in normal startup data loading. |
+| Control panel order | Cables → Trails → Satellites → Compute Centers → BGP → Terrain → HD Texture → Cloud Layer → Border Lines → Grid | Controlled by `displayOrder`, sorted by operational relevance. |
+| Registration / startup load order | Grid → Border Lines / Land-Ocean Base → HD Texture → Cloud Layer → Cables → Compute Centers → BGP → Satellites | Controlled by registration order and `startupPriority`, sorted surface-to-sky; the startup queue reads persisted layer visibility first, skips normal layers explicitly saved as hidden, and HD Texture does not download the texture when disabled; Border Lines are the exception: the land-ocean base always preloads, while the persisted state only controls interactive border lines and hover; Trails and Terrain are dependency/optional display layers and do not participate in normal startup data loading. |
 
 ## Surface Layer Stack
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Note: the layer control panel order and the registration / startup load order ar
 | 2.2 | Country borders | `country-boundaries.js` | `lineAltitudeOffset` | Raycast disabled | Only needs to stay above HD texture. |
 | 2.29 | Country border hover glow | `country-boundaries.js` | Hover radius + glow offset | `depthTest: false`, raycast disabled | Additive glow to reinforce border edge and terrain hover visibility. |
 | 2.3 | Country border hover line | `country-boundaries.js` | `hoverAltitudeOffset` | `depthTest: false`, raycast disabled | Neon red-orange hover line; China and Taiwan share the same highlight group. |
-| 3 | Satellite footprint fill | `satellites.js` | `GROUND_FOOTPRINT_RENDER_ORDER` | depth-tested, Group renderOrder stays 0 | Footprint above country borders, below compute centers and satellites. |
+| 3 | Satellite footprint fill / Iridium coverage ring | `satellites.js`, `iridium-footprint-adapter.js` | `GROUND_FOOTPRINT_RENDER_ORDER` | depth-tested; Iridium adapter fill / ring use the same renderOrder | Footprint above land / texture / terrain and country borders, below compute centers and satellites. |
 | 3-5 | BGP markers and overlays | `bgp.js` | Each marker's own renderOrder | BGP picking path | Preserves existing BGP visual level. |
 | 4.5 | Compute centers | `compute-centers.js` | `COMPUTE_CENTER_RENDER_ORDER` | Compute center picking path | Surface facilities, below satellites. |
 | 5 | Satellite background dot | `satellites.js` | Fixed renderOrder | Screen-space satellite picking | Below satellite dots. |
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Note: the layer control panel order and the registration / startup load order ar
 | HD texture on | Restores HD texture and the remembered terrain / day/night states. |
 | Terrain on | Displayed above HD texture, but below country border hover, footprints, satellites, and other emphasis layers. |
 | Cloud layer | Only controls cloud mesh visibility. |
-| Country borders | Controls border line and hover line visibility; land/ocean base fill exists independently as the Earth base map. |
+| Border Lines off | Hides only interactive border lines and hover, clearing hover state; the land/ocean base fill remains as the Earth base map. |
 
 ## Interaction Rules
 
diff --git a/docs/technical/en/manual.md b/docs/technical/en/manual.md
index badfd3dd..45de6166 100644
--- a/docs/technical/en/manual.md
+++ b/docs/technical/en/manual.md
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ Earth is used to observe in a single globe view:
 - Submarine cables and landing points
 - Compute centers
 - AIS vessels
-- Country borders, grid lines, HD texture, cloud layer, terrain
+- Border lines, grid lines, HD texture, cloud layer, terrain
 - Live news streams and situational news
 - Search and focused object details
 
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ The right-side layer panel toggles visualization layers on or off.
 Common layers include:
 
 - Grid lines
-- Country borders
+- Border lines
 - HD texture
 - Atmospheric cloud layer
 - Submarine cables
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ Current legend modes include:
 
 - Cables
 - Satellites
-- Country borders
+- Border lines
 - Compute centers
 - BGP
 - AIS vessels
diff --git a/docs/technical/zh/earth-layer-style-reference.md b/docs/technical/zh/earth-layer-style-reference.md
index 3118710a..8c47186b 100644
--- a/docs/technical/zh/earth-layer-style-reference.md
+++ b/docs/technical/zh/earth-layer-style-reference.md
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@
 
 ## 海陆基座与国界
 
+海陆基座是 Earth 的底图资产，随启动预加载；图层面板里的“国界线”只控制普通国界线、hover 线和可交互 hover。
+
 | 正式名称 | 变量名 | 当前值 | 使用位置 / 说明 |
 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | 国界数据路径 | `COUNTRY_BOUNDARY_CONFIG.dataPath` | `"/earth/data/countries-admin0.min.geojson"` | GeoJSON 输入 |
@@ -149,7 +151,7 @@
 | 登陆点半径偏移 | `CABLE_CONFIG.landingPoint.altitudeOffset` | `0.2` | 与海缆线同层贴地，避免凌空 |
 | 登陆点 sprite 高度 | local `LANDING_POINT_SPRITE_HEIGHT` | `3` | `THREE.Sprite` 基准高度 |
 | 登陆点缩放参考 FOV | local `LANDING_POINT_SIZE_REFERENCE_FOV` | `75` | 与当前 Earth 相机 FOV 一致 |
-| 登陆点缩放下限 | local `LANDING_POINT_SIZE_SCALE_MIN` | `0.36` | 地球放到最大时的最小倍率；`3 * 0.36 = 1.08` |
+| 登陆点缩放下限 | local `LANDING_POINT_SIZE_SCALE_MIN` | `0.16` | 地球放到 200% 之后的最小倍率，限制高倍 zoom 下的屏幕占比；`3 * 0.16 = 0.48` |
 | 登陆点缩放上限 | local `LANDING_POINT_SIZE_SCALE_MAX` | `3` | 远距离时的最大倍率；当前最小缩放约只能到 `2.50` |
 | 登陆点 atlas 尺寸 | local `LANDING_POINT_ATLAS_CELL_SIZE` | `128` | canvas 扁平立体球纹理尺寸 |
 | 登陆点颜色 | `CABLE_CONFIG.landingPoint.color` | `0xffaa00` | `SpriteMaterial.color` |
@@ -180,7 +182,7 @@
 | 卫星覆盖层 renderOrder | `SATELLITE_CONFIG.overlayRenderOrder` | `12` | locked ring / halo / orbit |
 | 自发光选中点颜色 | inline default | `"#ffd25a"` | `showSelfGlowStyle()` |
 | 自发光选中点透明度 | inline | `0.96` | locked dot material |
-| footprint renderOrder | local `GROUND_FOOTPRINT_RENDER_ORDER` | `3` | footprint fill |
+| footprint renderOrder | local `GROUND_FOOTPRINT_RENDER_ORDER` | `3` | Starlink footprint fill 和 Iridium coverage ring；必须高于地表 land / texture / terrain 层 |
 | footprint group renderOrder | inline | `0` | 避免 Group 排序盖过卫星点 |
 
 ## AIS 船只
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@
 | 正式名称 | 变量名 | 当前值 | 使用位置 / 说明 |
 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | 船只半径偏移 | `VESSEL_CONFIG.altitudeOffset` | `0.2` | 普通 marker 位置，贴近真实地形基础层 |
-| 船只轨迹半径偏移 | `VESSEL_CONFIG.track.altitudeOffset` | `0.22` | 选中船只轨迹线，略高于船只 marker 以保持可见 |
+| 船只轨迹半径偏移 | `VESSEL_CONFIG.track.altitudeOffset` | `0.2` | 选中船只轨迹线，与船只 marker 同一半径；前端会把轨迹末端锚到当前 marker 位置 |
 | 船只 renderOrder | local `VESSEL_RENDER_ORDER` | `4.4` | 普通 marker 和交互 overlay |
 | 船只轨迹 renderOrder | `VESSEL_RENDER_ORDER - 0.1` | `4.3` | 低于船只 marker |
 | 船只点像素尺寸 | local `VESSEL_POINT_SIZE` | `34` | 普通 marker 与 hover / locked overlay 共享尺寸 |
diff --git a/docs/technical/zh/earth-render-layer-order.md b/docs/technical/zh/earth-render-layer-order.md
index 2e62d766..e669c9b8 100644
--- a/docs/technical/zh/earth-render-layer-order.md
+++ b/docs/technical/zh/earth-render-layer-order.md
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 
 | 顺序类型 | 当前顺序 | 说明 |
 | --- | --- | --- |
-| 控制面板顺序 | 海缆 → 轨迹 → 卫星 → 算力中心 → 船只 → BGP → 地形 → 高清材质 → 大气云图 → 国界 → 经纬线 | 由 `displayOrder` 控制，按操作关注度排列。 |
-| 注册 / 启动加载顺序 | 经纬线 → 国界 → 高清材质 → 大气云图 → 海缆 → 算力中心 → 船只 → BGP → 卫星 | 由注册顺序和 `startupPriority` 控制，按地表到天空排列；船只和卫星默认关闭，只有可见时参与启动加载；轨迹和地形是依赖/可选显示层，不参与常规启动数据加载。 |
+| 控制面板顺序 | 海缆 → 轨迹 → 卫星 → 算力中心 → 船只 → BGP → 地形 → 高清材质 → 大气云图 → 国界线 → 经纬线 | 由 `displayOrder` 控制，按操作关注度排列。 |
+| 注册 / 启动加载顺序 | 经纬线 → 国界线 / 海陆基座 → 高清材质 → 大气云图 → 海缆 → 算力中心 → 船只 → BGP → 卫星 | 由注册顺序和 `startupPriority` 控制，按地表到天空排列；启动队列会先读取保存的图层可见状态，明确关闭的普通图层不预加载，高清材质关闭时不下载贴图；国界线图层例外，海陆基座始终预加载，保存状态只控制可交互国界线和 hover；轨迹和地形是依赖/可选显示层，不参与常规启动数据加载。 |
 
 ## 地表图层栈
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 | 2.2 | 国界线 | `country-boundaries.js` | `lineAltitudeOffset = 0.115` | `depthTest: true`，禁用 raycast | 略高于高清材质 `0.10`，低于地形基准 `0.16`，减少悬浮感；地形 `depthWrite: false`，所以地形开启时仍可见。 |
 | 2.29 | 国界 hover 光晕 | `country-boundaries.js` | hover 半径加 glow 偏移 | `depthTest: false`，禁用 raycast | 用 additive 光晕增强交界边和地形开启时的 hover 可见性。 |
 | 2.3 | 国界 hover 实线 | `country-boundaries.js` | `hoverAltitudeOffset = 0.14` | `depthTest: false`，禁用 raycast | 霓虹红橘 hover 线；中国和中国（台湾）共享高亮组。 |
-| 3 | 卫星 footprint 填充 | `satellites.js` | `GROUND_FOOTPRINT_RENDER_ORDER` | depth-tested，Group renderOrder 保持 0 | Footprint 在国界线之上，但在算力中心和卫星之下。 |
+| 3 | 卫星 footprint 填充 / Iridium coverage ring | `satellites.js`, `iridium-footprint-adapter.js` | `GROUND_FOOTPRINT_RENDER_ORDER` | depth-tested；Iridium adapter 的 fill / ring 也使用同一 renderOrder | Footprint 在 land / texture / terrain 和国界线之上，但在算力中心和卫星之下。 |
 | 3-4.5 | BGP 观测站、事件扩散圈和事件 marker | `bgp.js`, `interactable.js` | BGP 观测站和事件 marker 均使用 `Interactable` 批量 `THREE.Points`；事件 marker 使用 `BGP_EVENT_RENDER_ORDER = 4.5`；观测站主图标使用 `BGP_COLLECTOR_RENDER_ORDER = 4.4` 和 `BGP_CONFIG.collectorAltitudeOffset = 0.2`；事件 overlay 进入 `bgp-event-overlay-layer`；观测站 halo 和覆盖扇形进入 `bgp-collector-radar-layer` | BGP 事件和观测站都通过 `Interactable` 屏幕空间 picking，并参与同坐标避让 | BGP 观测站主图标与船只同层；BGP 事件与算力中心同层；向外扩散圈、观测站雷达/覆盖动画继续由 BGP 业务逻辑驱动。 |
 | 4.3 | AIS 船只轨迹线 | `vessels.js` | `VESSEL_RENDER_ORDER - 0.1`；`CONFIG.earthRadius + VESSEL_CONFIG.track.altitudeOffset` | 跟随船只显隐，不单独参与拾取 | 选中船只后显示最近轨迹，低于船只 marker。 |
 | 4.4 | AIS 船只 marker | `vessels.js`, `interactable.js` | `VESSEL_RENDER_ORDER`；业务高度为 `CONFIG.earthRadius + VESSEL_CONFIG.altitudeOffset`；普通 marker 为分桶 `THREE.Points`，hover / locked 为单点 `THREE.Points` overlay | `depthTest: true`；`main.js` 使用屏幕空间 picking，只取正面 marker；参与 Interactable 同坐标避让 | 航行船只用三角点纹理，停泊/低速用圆点；普通态无 glow，交互态叠加同尺寸 glow；低于算力中心 `4.5`。 |
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 | 高清材质 on | 恢复高清材质，并恢复记住的地形 / 昼夜状态。 |
 | 地形 on | 显示在高清材质之上，但低于国界 hover、footprint、卫星等强调层。 |
 | 大气云图 | 只控制云图 mesh 显隐。 |
-| 国界 | 控制国界线和 hover 线显隐；海陆基座填充独立存在，作为 Earth 基座地图使用。 |
+| 国界线 off | 只隐藏可交互国界线和 hover，高亮状态会清除；海陆基座填充仍作为 Earth 底图保留。 |
 
 ## 交互规则
 
diff --git a/docs/technical/zh/manual.md b/docs/technical/zh/manual.md
index 35e26cf6..8d57a424 100644
--- a/docs/technical/zh/manual.md
+++ b/docs/technical/zh/manual.md
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ Earth 用于在一个地球视图中观察：
 - 卫星和轨迹
 - 海缆与登陆点
 - 算力中心
-- 国界、经纬线、高清材质、云图、地形
+- 国界线、经纬线、高清材质、云图、地形
 - 新闻直播和态势新闻
 - 搜索和聚焦对象详情
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ Earth 用于在一个地球视图中观察：
 常见图层包括：
 
 - 经纬线
-- 国界
+- 国界线
 - 高清材质
 - 大气云图
 - 海缆
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ Earth 用于在一个地球视图中观察：
 
 - 海缆
 - 卫星
-- 国界
+- 国界线
 - 算力中心
 - BGP
 - AIS 船只
diff --git a/docs/version-history.md b/docs/version-history.md
index e8ec64e3..26d80b95 100644
--- a/docs/version-history.md
+++ b/docs/version-history.md
@@ -16,12 +16,13 @@
 ## Current Version
 
 - `main` 当前主线历史推导到：`0.16.5`
-- `dev` 当前开发分支历史推导到：`0.46.1`
+- `dev` 当前开发分支历史推导到：`0.46.2`
 
 ## Timeline
 
 | Version | Type | Branch | Commit | Summary |
 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `0.46.2` | bugfix | `dev` | `pending` | 修复 Earth 启动加载顺序、图层 localStorage 恢复、国界线底图语义、媒体面板、船只轨迹和 Iridium footprint 显示问题，并补充 AIS 聚合计划 |
 | `0.46.1` | bugfix | `dev` | `pending` | 修复新增 Docs 技术文档未进前端白名单导致页面不可访问的问题，补齐英文文档并固化白名单/双语/裸文件标题检查 |
 | `0.46.0` | feature | `dev` | `pending` | Earth 新增通用 Interactable 图标层，统一船只、算力中心、BGP 事件/观测站交互图标，并优化登陆点与 toolbar 初始渲染 |
 | `0.45.0` | feature | `dev` | `pending` | 新增采集任务 fetching 阶段量化进度，收敛 AI Provider 运行期环境注入和 Docker build context |
diff --git a/frontend/package.json b/frontend/package.json
index 73363f9b..7a7ee8da 100644
--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "planet-frontend",
-  "version": "0.46.1",
+  "version": "0.46.2",
   "private": true,
   "packageManager": "bun@1",
   "dependencies": {
diff --git a/frontend/public/earth/js/cables.js b/frontend/public/earth/js/cables.js
index fab6452d..83364d10 100644
--- a/frontend/public/earth/js/cables.js
+++ b/frontend/public/earth/js/cables.js
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ const _lpCameraToPoint = new THREE.Vector3();
 const LANDING_POINT_SPRITE_HEIGHT = 3;
 const LANDING_POINT_SPRITE_ASPECT = 1;
 const LANDING_POINT_SIZE_REFERENCE_FOV = 75;
-const LANDING_POINT_SIZE_SCALE_MIN = 0.36;
+const LANDING_POINT_SIZE_SCALE_MIN = 0.16;
 const LANDING_POINT_SIZE_SCALE_MAX = 3;
 const LANDING_POINT_ATLAS_CELL_SIZE = 128;
 let landingPointTexture = null;
diff --git a/frontend/public/earth/js/constants.js b/frontend/public/earth/js/constants.js
index 9ce0bbdb..d4d7c30f 100644
--- a/frontend/public/earth/js/constants.js
+++ b/frontend/public/earth/js/constants.js
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ export const VESSEL_CONFIG = {
     max: 2.4,
   },
   track: {
-    altitudeOffset: 0.22,
+    altitudeOffset: 0.2,
     color: 0x7dd3fc,
     opacity: 0.82,
   },
diff --git a/frontend/public/earth/js/controls.js b/frontend/public/earth/js/controls.js
index cd65b760..ba2b8019 100644
--- a/frontend/public/earth/js/controls.js
+++ b/frontend/public/earth/js/controls.js
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
 import {
   toggleTerrain,
   setDayNightEnabled,
+  toggleClouds,
   toggleGridLines,
   getShowGridLines,
 } from "./earth.js";
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ import {
 } from "./satellites.js";
 import { getShowCables } from "./cables.js";
 import { toggleBGP, getShowBGP, getBGPCount } from "./bgp.js";
-import { getShowCountryBoundaries } from "./country-boundaries.js";
+import { getShowCountryBoundaries, toggleCountryBoundaries } from "./country-boundaries.js";
 import {
   toggleComputeCenters,
   getShowComputeCenters,
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ let focusViewAnimationToken = 0;
 let earthSettingsDefaults = null;
 let lastZoomStatusUpdateTime = 0;
 let earthSettingsState = null;
+let deferredLayerVisibilitySettings = null;
 let layerRegistry = new Map();
 let layerPanelInitialized = false;
 let layoutMode = "desktop";
@@ -269,7 +271,7 @@ function closeTransientMobileOverlays({ except = null } = {}) {
     setMobileDrawerOpen("layer-toggles", false);
   }
 
-  if (except !== "media" && isTVPanelVisible()) {
+  if (except !== "media" && except !== "search" && isTVPanelVisible()) {
     setTVPanelVisible(false);
   }
 }
@@ -670,6 +672,14 @@ function shouldIncludeLayerInStartupLoad(definition) {
     return false;
   }
 
+  const persistedVisible = getPersistedLayerVisibilityOverride(definition.id);
+  if (typeof persistedVisible === "boolean") {
+    if (definition.startupMode === "preload" && definition.startupAlwaysLoad) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return persistedVisible;
+  }
+
   if (definition.startupMode === "preload") {
     return true;
   }
@@ -677,6 +687,14 @@ function shouldIncludeLayerInStartupLoad(definition) {
   return Boolean(definition?.getVisible?.());
 }
 
+function getPersistedLayerVisibilityOverride(layerId) {
+  if (!layerId) return null;
+  const layerVisibility =
+    deferredLayerVisibilitySettings || earthSettingsState?.shared?.layerVisibility;
+  const persistedVisible = layerVisibility?.[layerId];
+  return typeof persistedVisible === "boolean" ? persistedVisible : null;
+}
+
 function clampEarthZoomLevel(nextZoom) {
   const parsedZoom = Number.parseFloat(nextZoom);
   if (!Number.isFinite(parsedZoom)) {
@@ -1127,7 +1145,7 @@ function setDefaultEarthZoom(nextZoom, { persist = true, applyToCurrentView = tr
   return defaultEarthZoom;
 }
 
-async function applyEarthSettings(settings) {
+async function applyEarthSettings(settings, { applyLayers = true } = {}) {
   if (!settings) return;
   earthSettingsState = cloneEarthSettings(settings);
 
@@ -1161,12 +1179,31 @@ async function applyEarthSettings(settings) {
     applyToCurrentView: true,
   });
 
+  if (!applyLayers) {
+    const layerVisibility = { ...(settings.shared.layerVisibility || {}) };
+    applyImmediateLayerVisibilityHints(layerVisibility);
+    deferredLayerVisibilitySettings = layerVisibility;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  deferredLayerVisibilitySettings = null;
   await applyLayerVisibilitySettings(settings.shared.layerVisibility, {
     persist: false,
     silent: true,
   });
 }
 
+export async function applyDeferredLayerVisibilitySettings(options = {}) {
+  const layerVisibility = deferredLayerVisibilitySettings;
+  deferredLayerVisibilitySettings = null;
+  if (!layerVisibility) return;
+  await applyLayerVisibilitySettings(layerVisibility, {
+    persist: false,
+    silent: true,
+    ...options,
+  });
+}
+
 function resetEarthSettings() {
   const defaults = cloneEarthSettings(captureEarthSettingsDefaults());
   earthSettingsState = cloneEarthSettings(defaults);
@@ -1307,8 +1344,15 @@ async function setCountryBoundariesLayerEnabled(button, enabled, { persist = tru
   }
 }
 
-function setHighResTextureLayerEnabled(button, enabled, { persist = true, silent = false } = {}) {
-  setHighResTextureEnabled(enabled, { suppressStatus: silent });
+async function setHighResTextureLayerEnabled(button, enabled, { persist = true, silent = false } = {}) {
+  if (enabled) {
+    setLayerButtonState(button, {
+      active: false,
+      loading: true,
+      tooltip: "高清材质加载中...",
+    });
+  }
+  await setHighResTextureEnabled(enabled, { suppressStatus: silent });
   setLayerButtonState(button, {
     active: enabled,
     loading: false,
@@ -1319,8 +1363,15 @@ function setHighResTextureLayerEnabled(button, enabled, { persist = true, silent
   return enabled;
 }
 
-function setAtmosphereCloudsLayerEnabled(button, enabled, { persist = true, silent = false } = {}) {
-  setAtmosphereCloudsEnabled(enabled, { suppressStatus: silent });
+async function setAtmosphereCloudsLayerEnabled(button, enabled, { persist = true, silent = false } = {}) {
+  if (enabled) {
+    setLayerButtonState(button, {
+      active: false,
+      loading: true,
+      tooltip: "大气云图加载中...",
+    });
+  }
+  await setAtmosphereCloudsEnabled(enabled, { suppressStatus: silent });
   setLayerButtonState(button, {
     active: enabled,
     loading: false,
@@ -1449,6 +1500,44 @@ async function applyLayerVisibilitySettings(layerVisibility = {}, options = {})
   }
 }
 
+function applyImmediateLayerVisibilityHints(layerVisibility = {}) {
+  if (typeof layerVisibility.gridLines === "boolean") {
+    setGridLinesLayerEnabled(getLayerButton("gridLines"), layerVisibility.gridLines, {
+      persist: false,
+      silent: true,
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (typeof layerVisibility.countryBoundaries === "boolean") {
+    toggleCountryBoundaries(layerVisibility.countryBoundaries, {
+      showLandFill: true,
+    });
+    setLayerButtonState(getLayerButton("countryBoundaries"), {
+      active: layerVisibility.countryBoundaries,
+      loading: false,
+      tooltip: layerVisibility.countryBoundaries ? "隐藏国界线" : "显示国界线",
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (layerVisibility.earthHighResTexture === false) {
+    void setHighResTextureEnabled(false, { suppressStatus: true });
+    setLayerButtonState(getLayerButton("earthHighResTexture"), {
+      active: false,
+      loading: false,
+      tooltip: "显示高清材质",
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (typeof layerVisibility.atmosphereClouds === "boolean") {
+    toggleClouds(layerVisibility.atmosphereClouds);
+    setLayerButtonState(getLayerButton("atmosphereClouds"), {
+      active: layerVisibility.atmosphereClouds,
+      loading: false,
+      tooltip: layerVisibility.atmosphereClouds ? "隐藏大气云图" : "显示大气云图",
+    });
+  }
+}
+
 function getBuiltinLayerDefinitions() {
   return [
     {
@@ -1472,13 +1561,14 @@ function getBuiltinLayerDefinitions() {
       id: "countryBoundaries",
       buttonId: "toggle-country-boundaries",
       icon: "public",
-      label: "国界",
+      label: "国界线",
       meta: "Country Borders",
       keywords: "国界 国家 borders countries boundary",
       defaultActive: true,
       displayOrder: 90,
       startupPriority: 20,
       startupMode: "preload",
+      startupAlwaysLoad: true,
       startupLabel: "海陆基座",
       startupMessage: "正在加载海陆基座...",
       getVisible: () => getShowCountryBoundaries(),
@@ -2268,7 +2358,7 @@ function setupSettingsControls() {
   });
 
   captureEarthSettingsDefaults();
-  settingsApplyPromise = applyEarthSettings(loadEarthSettings());
+  settingsApplyPromise = applyEarthSettings(loadEarthSettings(), { applyLayers: false });
   syncAllHudPanelToggles();
   syncRotationModeButtons();
   syncCruiseModuleControls();
diff --git a/frontend/public/earth/js/earth.js b/frontend/public/earth/js/earth.js
index c2c0badf..88cdd05e 100644
--- a/frontend/public/earth/js/earth.js
+++ b/frontend/public/earth/js/earth.js
@@ -25,8 +25,11 @@ let _earthTextureOverlayMaterial = null;
 let _earthShaders = [];
 let _dayNightEnabled = true;
 let _loadedTexture = null;
+let _textureLoadPromise = null;
 let _textureVisible = true;
 let _earthRimGlow = null;
+let _cloudTexture = null;
+let _cloudTextureLoadPromise = null;
 const _earthSunDirection = new THREE.Vector3(
   EARTH_MATERIAL_CONFIG.dayNight.sunDirection.x,
   EARTH_MATERIAL_CONFIG.dayNight.sunDirection.y,
@@ -301,28 +304,16 @@ export function createClouds(scene, earthObj) {
   
   clouds = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
   clouds.name = "earth-atmosphere-clouds";
-  clouds.visible = showClouds;
+  clouds.visible = false;
   earthObj.add(clouds);
   
-  textureLoader.load(
-    CLOUD_LAYER_CONFIG.textureUrl,
-    function(texture) {
-      material.map = texture;
-      material.needsUpdate = true;
-    },
-    undefined,
-    function(err) {
-      console.log('云层纹理加载失败');
-    }
-  );
-  
   return clouds;
 }
 
 export function toggleClouds(visible) {
   showClouds = Boolean(visible);
   if (clouds) {
-    clouds.visible = showClouds;
+    clouds.visible = showClouds && Boolean(clouds.material?.map);
   }
 }
 
@@ -330,6 +321,39 @@ export function getShowClouds() {
   return showClouds;
 }
 
+export function loadCloudTexture() {
+  if (_cloudTexture) return Promise.resolve(_cloudTexture);
+  if (_cloudTextureLoadPromise) return _cloudTextureLoadPromise;
+
+  _cloudTextureLoadPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    if (!clouds?.material) {
+      resolve(null);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    textureLoader.load(
+      CLOUD_LAYER_CONFIG.textureUrl,
+      (texture) => {
+        _cloudTexture = texture;
+        clouds.material.map = texture;
+        clouds.material.needsUpdate = true;
+        clouds.visible = showClouds;
+        resolve(texture);
+      },
+      undefined,
+      (error) => {
+        console.warn("云层纹理加载失败");
+        reject(error);
+      },
+    );
+  });
+
+  _cloudTextureLoadPromise.finally(() => {
+    _cloudTextureLoadPromise = null;
+  });
+  return _cloudTextureLoadPromise;
+}
+
 export function createTerrain(earthObj) {
   const geometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(
     CONFIG.earthRadius + TERRAIN_CONFIG.baseRadiusOffset,
@@ -478,6 +502,7 @@ export function getClouds() {
 
 export function clearEarthTexture() {
   _loadedTexture = null;
+  _textureLoadPromise = null;
   if (_earthTextureOverlayMaterial) {
     _earthTextureOverlayMaterial.map = null;
     _earthTextureOverlayMaterial.needsUpdate = true;
@@ -522,7 +547,10 @@ export function setDayNightEnabled(enabled) {
 }
 
 export function loadEarthTexture() {
-  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+  if (_loadedTexture) return Promise.resolve(_loadedTexture);
+  if (_textureLoadPromise) return _textureLoadPromise;
+
+  _textureLoadPromise = new Promise((resolve) => {
     if (!_earthTextureOverlayMaterial) { resolve(); return; }
 
     const urls = EARTH_MATERIAL_CONFIG.textureUrls;
@@ -549,7 +577,7 @@ export function loadEarthTexture() {
           if (_earthRimGlow) {
             _earthRimGlow.visible = !_textureVisible;
           }
-          resolve();
+          resolve(texture);
         },
         null,
         () => tryLoad(index + 1),
@@ -557,6 +585,11 @@ export function loadEarthTexture() {
     };
     tryLoad(0);
   });
+
+  _textureLoadPromise.finally(() => {
+    _textureLoadPromise = null;
+  });
+  return _textureLoadPromise;
 }
 
 export function setEarthTextureVisible(visible) {
diff --git a/frontend/public/earth/js/layer-startup-tasks.js b/frontend/public/earth/js/layer-startup-tasks.js
index c67a7a9a..baefc430 100644
--- a/frontend/public/earth/js/layer-startup-tasks.js
+++ b/frontend/public/earth/js/layer-startup-tasks.js
@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ import {
   loadVessels,
   toggleVessels,
 } from "./vessels.js";
+import {
+  loadCloudTexture,
+  loadEarthTexture,
+} from "./earth.js";
 import {
   getCountryBoundaryLegendItems,
   loadCountryBoundaries,
@@ -83,6 +87,8 @@ export function registerLayerStartupTask(id, taskFactory) {
 function registerBuiltinLayerStartupTasks() {
   startupTaskRegistry.clear();
   registerCountryBoundaryStartupTask();
+  registerEarthTextureStartupTask();
+  registerCloudStartupTask();
   registerCableStartupTask();
   registerComputeCenterStartupTask();
   registerVesselStartupTask();
@@ -210,6 +216,42 @@ function registerBGPStartupTask() {
   });
 }
 
+function registerEarthTextureStartupTask() {
+  registerLayerStartupTask("earthHighResTexture", (context) => async (layer) => {
+    if (!context.isEarthTextureVisible()) return;
+
+    context.setLoadingMessage(
+      resolveStartupMessage(layer, "load", "正在加载地球纹理..."),
+    );
+    await context.yieldFrame(12);
+    try {
+      await loadEarthTexture();
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.warn("地球纹理加载失败:", error);
+    }
+    if (context.isCancelled()) return;
+    await context.yieldFrame(16);
+  });
+}
+
+function registerCloudStartupTask() {
+  registerLayerStartupTask("atmosphereClouds", (context) => async (layer) => {
+    if (!context.isCloudsEnabled()) return;
+
+    context.setLoadingMessage(
+      resolveStartupMessage(layer, "load", "正在加载大气云图..."),
+    );
+    await context.yieldFrame(12);
+    try {
+      await loadCloudTexture();
+    } catch (error) {
+      context.reportError(layer?.startupLabel || layer?.label || "大气云图", error);
+    }
+    if (context.isCancelled()) return;
+    await context.yieldFrame(16);
+  });
+}
+
 function registerCountryBoundaryStartupTask() {
   registerLayerStartupTask("countryBoundaries", (context) => async (layer) => {
     context.setLoadingMessage(
diff --git a/frontend/public/earth/js/main.js b/frontend/public/earth/js/main.js
index ace44dcd..d03e023a 100644
--- a/frontend/public/earth/js/main.js
+++ b/frontend/public/earth/js/main.js
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import {
   createGridLines,
   getEarth,
   getEarthSurfacePickTarget,
+  loadCloudTexture,
   loadEarthTexture,
   clearEarthTexture,
   setEarthSunDirection,
@@ -203,6 +204,7 @@ import {
   setDayNightEnabledExternal,
   setTerrainLayerInteractable,
   setDayNightInteractable,
+  applyDeferredLayerVisibilitySettings,
 } from "./controls.js";
 import {
   createLayerStartupTaskMap,
@@ -1470,23 +1472,7 @@ function formatBGPStatusFromSummary(summary) {
   return "当前无活跃事件";
 }
 
-function applyEarthStatsSummary(summary) {
-  if (!summary) return;
-  updateEarthStats({
-    cableCount: `${summary.cableCount}个`,
-    landingPointCount: `${summary.landingPointCount}个`,
-    satelliteCount: `${summary.satelliteCount} 颗`,
-    computeCenterCount: `${summary.computeCenterCount} 个`,
-    vesselCount: `${summary.vesselCount} 艘`,
-    bgpAnomalyCount: `${summary.bgpEventCount} 起`,
-    bgpCollectorCount: `${summary.bgpCollectorCount} 个`,
-    bgpStatusSummary: formatBGPStatusFromSummary(summary),
-    terrainOn: getShowTerrain(),
-    textureQuality: "8K 卫星图",
-  });
-}
-
-async function loadEarthStatsSummary() {
+async function loadEarthStatsSummary({ shouldApply = () => true } = {}) {
   try {
     const response = await fetch(PATHS.earthSummaryApi);
     if (!response.ok) {
@@ -1505,7 +1491,9 @@ async function loadEarthStatsSummary() {
       bgpAnomalyCount: toCount(stats.bgp_anomaly_count),
       bgpCollectorCount: toCount(stats.bgp_collector_count),
     };
-    applyEarthStatsSummary(earthStatsSummary);
+    if (shouldApply()) {
+      updateStatsSummary();
+    }
   } catch (error) {
     console.warn("全球态势聚合统计加载失败:", error);
   }
@@ -2594,24 +2582,14 @@ async function loadData() {
   await yieldFrame(18);
   if (loadToken !== currentLoadToken) { isDataLoading = false; return; }
 
-  setLoadingMessage("正在读取全球态势统计...");
-  await loadEarthStatsSummary();
-  if (loadToken !== currentLoadToken) { isDataLoading = false; return; }
-  await yieldFrame(12);
+  loadEarthStatsSummary({
+    shouldApply: () => loadToken === currentLoadToken && !destroyed,
+  }).catch((error) => {
+    console.warn("后台刷新全球态势统计失败:", error);
+  });
 
   const errors = [];
 
-  // Step 1 — Earth texture
-  setLoadingMessage("正在加载地球纹理...");
-  await yieldFrame(12);
-  try {
-    await loadEarthTexture();
-  } catch (err) {
-    // texture failure is non-fatal
-  }
-  if (loadToken !== currentLoadToken) { isDataLoading = false; return; }
-  await yieldFrame(16);
-
   const startupLoaders = createLayerStartupTaskMap({
     scene,
     earth,
@@ -2630,6 +2608,7 @@ async function loadData() {
     getShowCountryBoundaries,
     getShowBGP,
     isEarthTextureVisible: () => getEarthTextureVisible(),
+    isCloudsEnabled: () => getShowClouds(),
     getInitialSatelliteLoadLimit,
     shouldHydrateFullSatelliteSet,
     scheduleSatellitePositionWarmup,
@@ -2704,6 +2683,10 @@ async function loadData() {
     hideError();
     queueStatusMessage("数据已加载", "success");
   }
+
+  applyDeferredLayerVisibilitySettings().catch((error) => {
+    console.warn("恢复 Earth 图层可见性失败:", error);
+  });
 }
 
 const POSITION_UPDATE_FORCE_DELTA = 250;
@@ -2827,8 +2810,17 @@ export async function setCountryBoundariesEnabled(
 let _dayNightBeforeTextureOff = null;
 let _terrainBeforeTextureOff = null;
 
-export function setHighResTextureEnabled(enabled, { suppressStatus = false } = {}) {
+export async function setHighResTextureEnabled(enabled, { suppressStatus = false } = {}) {
   setEarthTextureVisible(enabled);
+  if (enabled) {
+    try {
+      await loadEarthTexture();
+      setEarthTextureVisible(true);
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.warn("高清材质加载失败:", error);
+      setEarthTextureVisible(false);
+    }
+  }
   setSurfaceTintEnabled(!enabled);
   setLandFillEnabled(true);
   setLandFillSuppressed(false);
@@ -2863,8 +2855,17 @@ export function getHighResTextureEnabled() {
   return getEarthTextureVisible();
 }
 
-export function setAtmosphereCloudsEnabled(enabled, { suppressStatus = false } = {}) {
+export async function setAtmosphereCloudsEnabled(enabled, { suppressStatus = false } = {}) {
   toggleClouds(enabled);
+  if (enabled) {
+    try {
+      await loadCloudTexture();
+      toggleClouds(true);
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.warn("大气云图加载失败:", error);
+      toggleClouds(false);
+    }
+  }
   if (!suppressStatus) {
     showStatusMessage(enabled ? "大气云图已显示" : "大气云图已隐藏", "info");
   }
diff --git a/frontend/public/earth/js/satellites.js b/frontend/public/earth/js/satellites.js
index f2ad2beb..66c63dce 100644
--- a/frontend/public/earth/js/satellites.js
+++ b/frontend/public/earth/js/satellites.js
@@ -2139,7 +2139,7 @@ function showIridiumReservedStyle(position) {
   lockedIridiumFootprintMesh = createIridiumFootprintAdapter({
     earthObj: earthObjRef,
     earthRadiusWorld: CONFIG.earthRadius,
-    renderOrder: 0,
+    renderOrder: GROUND_FOOTPRINT_RENDER_ORDER,
   });
   updateIridiumReservedStyle(position);
 }
diff --git a/frontend/public/earth/js/vessels.js b/frontend/public/earth/js/vessels.js
index 5325982b..3f68681c 100644
--- a/frontend/public/earth/js/vessels.js
+++ b/frontend/public/earth/js/vessels.js
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ const VESSEL_RENDER_ORDER = 4.4;
 const VESSEL_POINT_SIZE = 34;
 const VESSEL_ATLAS_CELL_SIZE = 128;
 const VESSEL_COURSE_BINS = 32;
+const VESSEL_TRACK_ENDPOINT_EPSILON = 0.001;
 
 function normalizeVesselType(value, code) {
   const type = String(value || "").trim().toLowerCase();
@@ -72,6 +73,26 @@ function getCourseBin(marker) {
   return Math.round((normalized / 360) * VESSEL_COURSE_BINS) % VESSEL_COURSE_BINS;
 }
 
+function buildTrackPoint(lon, lat) {
+  const latitude = Number(lat);
+  const longitude = Number(lon);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(latitude) || !Number.isFinite(longitude)) return null;
+  return latLonToVector3(
+    latitude,
+    longitude,
+    CONFIG.earthRadius + VESSEL_CONFIG.track.altitudeOffset,
+  );
+}
+
+function appendCurrentMarkerTrackPoint(points, marker) {
+  if (!(marker?.position instanceof THREE.Vector3)) return;
+  const markerPosition = marker.position.clone();
+  const lastPoint = points[points.length - 1];
+  if (!lastPoint || lastPoint.distanceToSquared(markerPosition) > VESSEL_TRACK_ENDPOINT_EPSILON) {
+    points.push(markerPosition);
+  }
+}
+
 const vesselIconLayer = createInteractableLayer({
   id: "vessels",
   objectType: "vessel",
@@ -207,14 +228,15 @@ export async function showVesselTrack(marker, earth) {
   if (coordinates.length < 2) return null;
 
   const points = coordinates
-    .map(([lon, lat]) =>
-      latLonToVector3(
-        Number(lat),
-        Number(lon),
-        CONFIG.earthRadius + VESSEL_CONFIG.track.altitudeOffset,
-      ),
-    )
-    .filter((point) => Number.isFinite(point.x) && Number.isFinite(point.y) && Number.isFinite(point.z));
+    .map(([lon, lat]) => buildTrackPoint(lon, lat))
+    .filter(
+      (point) =>
+        point &&
+        Number.isFinite(point.x) &&
+        Number.isFinite(point.y) &&
+        Number.isFinite(point.z),
+    );
+  appendCurrentMarkerTrackPoint(points, marker);
   if (points.length < 2) return null;
 
   const geometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints(points);
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 50e7d9c0..adbea373 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "planet"
-version = "0.46.1"
+version = "0.46.2"
 description = "智能星球计划 - 态势感知系统"
 requires-python = ">=3.14"
 dependencies = [
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index 89cc6eea..4c0cb57a 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "planet"
-version = "0.46.1"
+version = "0.46.2"
 source = { virtual = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "aiofiles" },