release: bump version to 0.73.0

2026-06-29 17:04:05 +08:00
parent 19d5ac0fee
commit fbecf30513
41 changed files with 2306 additions and 311 deletions
--- a/frontend/bun.lock
+++ b/frontend/bun.lock
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
        "clsx": "^2.1.1",
        "dayjs": "^1.11.10",
        "echarts": "^6.0.0",
+        "i18next": "26.3.3",
        "lucide-react": "^1.16.0",
        "mermaid": "^11.15.0",
        "pbf": "^4.0.1",
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@
        "react": "^18.2.0",
        "react-dom": "^18.2.0",
        "react-hook-form": "^7.76.0",
+        "react-i18next": "17.0.8",
        "react-resizable": "^3.1.3",
        "react-router-dom": "^6.21.0",
        "simplex-noise": "^4.0.1",
@@ -84,6 +86,8 @@

    "@babel/plugin-transform-react-jsx-source": ["@babel/plugin-transform-react-jsx-source@7.27.1", "", { "dependencies": { "@babel/helper-plugin-utils": "^7.27.1" }, "peerDependencies": { "@babel/core": "^7.0.0-0" } }, "sha512-zbwoTsBruTeKB9hSq73ha66iFeJHuaFkUbwvqElnygoNbj/jHRsSeokowZFN3CZ64IvEqcmmkVe89OPXc7ldAw=="],

+    "@babel/runtime": ["@babel/runtime@7.29.7", "", {}, "sha512-Nq8OhGWiZIZGV6hLHoyAKLLcJihP/xFeBMGJoUrxTX2psI8dCifzLhZISFb+VWS3wFMRDmCGw5R+dOySCqPLhw=="],
+
    "@babel/template": ["@babel/template@7.28.6", "", { "dependencies": { "@babel/code-frame": "^7.28.6", "@babel/parser": "^7.28.6", "@babel/types": "^7.28.6" } }, "sha512-YA6Ma2KsCdGb+WC6UpBVFJGXL58MDA6oyONbjyF/+5sBgxY/dwkhLogbMT2GXXyU84/IhRw/2D1Os1B/giz+BQ=="],

    "@babel/traverse": ["@babel/traverse@7.29.0", "", { "dependencies": { "@babel/code-frame": "^7.29.0", "@babel/generator": "^7.29.0", "@babel/helper-globals": "^7.28.0", "@babel/parser": "^7.29.0", "@babel/template": "^7.28.6", "@babel/types": "^7.29.0", "debug": "^4.3.1" } }, "sha512-4HPiQr0X7+waHfyXPZpWPfWL/J7dcN1mx9gL6WdQVMbPnF3+ZhSMs8tCxN7oHddJE9fhNE7+lxdnlyemKfJRuA=="],
@@ -556,6 +560,10 @@

    "hasown": ["hasown@2.0.2", "", { "dependencies": { "function-bind": "^1.1.2" } }, "sha512-0hJU9SCPvmMzIBdZFqNPXWa6dqh7WdH0cII9y+CyS8rG3nL48Bclra9HmKhVVUHyPWNH5Y7xDwAB7bfgSjkUMQ=="],

+    "html-parse-stringify": ["html-parse-stringify@3.0.1", "", { "dependencies": { "void-elements": "3.1.0" } }, "sha512-KknJ50kTInJ7qIScF3jeaFRpMpE8/lfiTdzf/twXyPBLAGrLRTmkz3AdTnKeh40X8k9L2fdYwEp/42WGXIRGcg=="],
+
+    "i18next": ["i18next@26.3.3", "", { "peerDependencies": { "typescript": "^5 || ^6" }, "optionalPeers": ["typescript"] }, "sha512-aYVegyBdXSO93CMMihvr47jI7GHSOcIahMpJX+qzUXDzW4xDJf2uenIA+45vDU+YhiVdcfsql70AC9RVdMNrHg=="],
+
    "iconv-lite": ["iconv-lite@0.6.3", "", { "dependencies": { "safer-buffer": ">= 2.1.2 < 3.0.0" } }, "sha512-4fCk79wshMdzMp2rH06qWrJE4iolqLhCUH+OiuIgU++RB0+94NlDL81atO7GX55uUKueo0txHNtvEyI6D7WdMw=="],

    "import-meta-resolve": ["import-meta-resolve@4.2.0", "", {}, "sha512-Iqv2fzaTQN28s/FwZAoFq0ZSs/7hMAHJVX+w8PZl3cY19Pxk6jFFalxQoIfW2826i/fDLXv8IiEZRIT0lDuWcg=="],
@@ -632,6 +640,8 @@

    "react-hook-form": ["react-hook-form@7.76.0", "", { "peerDependencies": { "react": "^16.8.0 || ^17 || ^18 || ^19" } }, "sha512-eKtLGgFeSgkHqQD8J59AMZ9a4uD1D83iSIzt4YlTGD7liDen5rrjcUO1rVIGd9yC1gofryjtHbv+4ny4hkLWlw=="],

+    "react-i18next": ["react-i18next@17.0.8", "", { "dependencies": { "@babel/runtime": "^7.29.2", "html-parse-stringify": "^3.0.1", "use-sync-external-store": "^1.6.0" }, "peerDependencies": { "i18next": ">= 26.2.0", "react": ">= 16.8.0", "typescript": "^5 || ^6" }, "optionalPeers": ["typescript"] }, "sha512-0ooKbGLU8JXhe1zwpQUWIeXSgLPOfwJmgheWRIUpcoA0CpyabpGhayjdG+/eA5esC1AQ8h2jWpXjJfzQzeDOCw=="],
+
    "react-is": ["react-is@16.13.1", "", {}, "sha512-24e6ynE2H+OKt4kqsOvNd8kBpV65zoxbA4BVsEOB3ARVWQki/DHzaUoC5KuON/BiccDaCCTZBuOcfZs70kR8bQ=="],

    "react-refresh": ["react-refresh@0.17.0", "", {}, "sha512-z6F7K9bV85EfseRCp2bzrpyQ0Gkw1uLoCel9XBVWPg/TjRj94SkJzUTGfOa4bs7iJvBWtQG0Wq7wnI0syw3EBQ=="],
@@ -702,6 +712,8 @@

    "vite": ["vite@5.4.21", "", { "dependencies": { "esbuild": "^0.21.3", "postcss": "^8.4.43", "rollup": "^4.20.0" }, "optionalDependencies": { "fsevents": "~2.3.3" }, "peerDependencies": { "@types/node": "^18.0.0 || >=20.0.0", "less": "*", "lightningcss": "^1.21.0", "sass": "*", "sass-embedded": "*", "stylus": "*", "sugarss": "*", "terser": "^5.4.0" }, "optionalPeers": ["@types/node", "less", "lightningcss", "sass", "sass-embedded", "stylus", "sugarss", "terser"], "bin": "bin/vite.js" }, "sha512-o5a9xKjbtuhY6Bi5S3+HvbRERmouabWbyUcpXXUA1u+GNUKoROi9byOJ8M0nHbHYHkYICiMlqxkg1KkYmm25Sw=="],

+    "void-elements": ["void-elements@3.1.0", "", {}, "sha512-Dhxzh5HZuiHQhbvTW9AMetFfBHDMYpo23Uo9btPXgdYP+3T5S+p+jgNy7spra+veYhBP2dCSgxR/i2Y02h5/6w=="],
+
    "ws": ["ws@8.18.3", "", { "peerDependencies": { "bufferutil": "^4.0.1", "utf-8-validate": ">=5.0.2" }, "optionalPeers": ["bufferutil", "utf-8-validate"] }, "sha512-PEIGCY5tSlUt50cqyMXfCzX+oOPqN0vuGqWzbcJ2xvnkzkq46oOpz7dQaTDBdfICb4N14+GARUDw2XV2N4tvzg=="],

    "xmlhttprequest-ssl": ["xmlhttprequest-ssl@2.1.2", "", {}, "sha512-TEU+nJVUUnA4CYJFLvK5X9AOeH4KvDvhIfm0vV1GaQRtchnG0hgK5p8hw/xjv8cunWYCsiPCSDzObPyhEwq3KQ=="],
--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "planet-frontend",
-  "version": "0.72.0",
+  "version": "0.73.0",
  "private": true,
  "packageManager": "bun@1",
  "dependencies": {
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
    "clsx": "^2.1.1",
    "dayjs": "^1.11.10",
    "echarts": "^6.0.0",
+    "i18next": "26.3.3",
    "lucide-react": "^1.16.0",
    "mermaid": "^11.15.0",
    "pbf": "^4.0.1",
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@
    "react": "^18.2.0",
    "react-dom": "^18.2.0",
    "react-hook-form": "^7.76.0",
+    "react-i18next": "17.0.8",
    "react-resizable": "^3.1.3",
    "react-router-dom": "^6.21.0",
    "simplex-noise": "^4.0.1",
--- a/frontend/src/App.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/App.tsx
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-import { Suspense, lazy } from 'react'
+import { Suspense, lazy, useEffect } from 'react'

+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 import { Routes, Route, Navigate, useLocation } from 'react-router-dom'

 import { useAuthStore } from './stores/auth'
 import Login from './pages/Login/Login'
 import { AdminErrorBoundary } from './admin/components/AdminErrorBoundary'
+import LegacyI18nBridge from './i18n/LegacyI18nBridge'

 const Register = lazy(() => import('./pages/Register/Register'))
 const VerifyEmail = lazy(() => import('./pages/VerifyEmail/VerifyEmail'))
@@ -26,35 +28,43 @@ function isPublicPath(pathname: string) {
 }

 function App() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
  const { token } = useAuthStore()
  const { pathname } = useLocation()
  const isPublicRoute = isPublicPath(pathname)

+  useEffect(() => {
+    document.title = t('app.title')
+  }, [t])
+
  if (!token && !isPublicRoute) {
    return <Login />
  }

  return (
-    <Suspense
-      fallback={(
-        <div className="app-route-loading">
-          <div className="app-route-loading__spinner" aria-label="正在加载" />
-        </div>
-      )}
-    >
-      <Routes>
-        <Route path="/login" element={<Login />} />
-        <Route path="/register" element={<Register />} />
-        <Route path="/verify-email" element={<VerifyEmail />} />
-        <Route path="/forgot-password" element={<ForgotPassword />} />
-        <Route path={ROOT_ROUTE} element={<Navigate to={EARTH_ROUTE} replace />} />
-        <Route path={EARTH_ROUTE} element={<Earth />} />
-        <Route path={DOCS_ROUTE} element={<Docs />} />
-        <Route path={DOCS_ROUTE_PATTERN} element={<Docs />} />
-        <Route path="/playground" element={<Navigate to="/ai?section=playground" replace />} />
-        <Route path="/*" element={<AdminErrorBoundary><AdminRoutes /></AdminErrorBoundary>} />
-      </Routes>
-    </Suspense>
+    <>
+      <LegacyI18nBridge />
+      <Suspense
+        fallback={(
+          <div className="app-route-loading">
+            <div className="app-route-loading__spinner" aria-label={t('app.routeLoading')} />
+          </div>
+        )}
+      >
+        <Routes>
+          <Route path="/login" element={<Login />} />
+          <Route path="/register" element={<Register />} />
+          <Route path="/verify-email" element={<VerifyEmail />} />
+          <Route path="/forgot-password" element={<ForgotPassword />} />
+          <Route path={ROOT_ROUTE} element={<Navigate to={EARTH_ROUTE} replace />} />
+          <Route path={EARTH_ROUTE} element={<Earth />} />
+          <Route path={DOCS_ROUTE} element={<Docs />} />
+          <Route path={DOCS_ROUTE_PATTERN} element={<Docs />} />
+          <Route path="/playground" element={<Navigate to="/ai?section=playground" replace />} />
+          <Route path="/*" element={<AdminErrorBoundary><AdminRoutes /></AdminErrorBoundary>} />
+        </Routes>
+      </Suspense>
+    </>
  )
 }

--- a/frontend/src/admin/components/data-table/DataTable.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/admin/components/data-table/DataTable.tsx
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
 } from '@tanstack/react-table'
 import { ArrowDown, ArrowUp, ChevronsUpDown } from 'lucide-react'
 import { useMemo, useState } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 import TableScrollRegion from '../../../components/Scrollbar/TableScrollRegion'
 import { Button } from '../ui/button'

@@ -37,11 +38,12 @@ export function DataTable<TData>({
  getRowClassName,
  selection,
  loading = false,
-  emptyText = '暂无数据',
+  emptyText,
  className = '',
  footer,
  onRowClick,
 }: DataTableProps<TData>) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
  const [sorting, setSorting] = useState<SortingState>([])
  const memoizedColumns = useMemo(() => columns, [columns])

@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ export function DataTable<TData>({
                    <th className="an-data-table__selection-cell">
                      <input
                        type="checkbox"
-                        aria-label="选择当前可见数据"
+                        aria-label={t('common.selectVisibleRows')}
                        checked={allVisibleSelected}
                        disabled={!visibleSelectableIds.length}
                        ref={(element) => {
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ export function DataTable<TData>({
                  <td colSpan={columnCount}>
                    <div className="an-data-table__state">
                      <span className="an-spinner" />
-                      加载中
+                      {t('common.loading')}
                    </div>
                  </td>
                </tr>
@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ export function DataTable<TData>({
                      <td className="an-data-table__selection-cell">
                        <input
                          type="checkbox"
-                          aria-label={selection.getCheckboxLabel?.(row.original) || '选择行'}
+                          aria-label={selection.getCheckboxLabel?.(row.original) || t('common.selectRow')}
                          checked={selection.selectedRowIds.has(row.id)}
                          disabled={selection.isRowSelectable ? !selection.isRowSelectable(row.original) : false}
                          onClick={(event) => event.stopPropagation()}
@@ -149,7 +151,7 @@ export function DataTable<TData>({
              ) : (
                <tr>
                  <td colSpan={columnCount}>
-                    <div className="an-data-table__state">{emptyText}</div>
+                    <div className="an-data-table__state">{emptyText || t('common.noData')}</div>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              )}
@@ -173,18 +175,19 @@ export function DataTablePager({
  total: number
  onPageChange: (page: number) => void
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
  const totalPages = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(total / pageSize))
  return (
    <div className="an-data-table__pager">
      <span>
-        第 {page} / {totalPages} 页，共 {total.toLocaleString()} 条
+        {t('common.page', { page, totalPages, total: total.toLocaleString() })}
      </span>
      <div className="an-data-table__pager-actions">
        <Button size="sm" variant="subtle" disabled={page <= 1} onClick={() => onPageChange(page - 1)}>
-          上一页
+          {t('common.previousPage')}
        </Button>
        <Button size="sm" variant="subtle" disabled={page >= totalPages} onClick={() => onPageChange(page + 1)}>
-          下一页
+          {t('common.nextPage')}
        </Button>
      </div>
    </div>
--- a/frontend/src/admin/components/layout/AdminLayout.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/admin/components/layout/AdminLayout.tsx
@@ -1,18 +1,22 @@
 import {
  ChevronDown,
+  Languages,
  LogOut,
  Menu,
  Moon,
  Monitor,
  Search,
+  Settings,
  Sun,
  X,
 } from 'lucide-react'
 import { type FocusEvent, type KeyboardEvent, type ReactNode, useEffect, useLayoutEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 import { Link, useLocation, useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom'
 import packageJson from '../../../../package.json'
 import Scrollbar from '../../../components/Scrollbar/Scrollbar'
 import SegmentedControl from '../../../components/SegmentedControl/SegmentedControl'
+import { localeOptions, useLocale, type SupportedLocale } from '../../../i18n/locale'
 import { useAuthStore } from '../../../stores/auth'
 import { useAdminTheme, type AdminThemeMode } from '../../design/theme'
 import { cn } from '../../utils'
@@ -28,6 +32,8 @@ export function AdminLayout({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
  const location = useLocation()
  const navigate = useNavigate()
  const adminSearch = useAdminSearch()
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const { locale, setLocale } = useLocale()
  const { user, logout } = useAuthStore()
  const { mode, setMode } = useAdminTheme()
  const [collapsed, setCollapsed] = useState(false)
@@ -35,25 +41,39 @@ export function AdminLayout({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
  const [openKeys, setOpenKeys] = useState<string[]>(cachedOpenKeys)
  const [searchQuery, setSearchQuery] = useState('')
  const [searchOpen, setSearchOpen] = useState(false)
+  const [preferencesOpen, setPreferencesOpen] = useState(false)
  const [highlightedSearchIndex, setHighlightedSearchIndex] = useState(0)
  const menuViewportRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
  const searchInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null)
  const isSuperAdmin = user?.role === 'super_admin'
+  const username = user?.username || '-'
+  const userInitial = username.trim().charAt(0).toUpperCase() || '?'
+  const preferencesLabel = preferencesOpen ? t('admin.collapsePreferences') : t('admin.expandPreferences')
  const visibleRoutes = useMemo(() => getVisibleAdminRoutes(isSuperAdmin), [isSuperAdmin])
  const navGroups = useMemo(() => {
    return adminRouteGroups.map((group) => ({
      ...group,
-      children: visibleRoutes.filter((route) => route.group === group.key),
+      label: t(group.labelKey),
+      children: visibleRoutes
+        .filter((route) => route.group === group.key)
+        .map((route) => ({ ...route, label: t(route.labelKey) })),
    })).filter((group) => group.children.length > 0)
-  }, [visibleRoutes])
+  }, [t, visibleRoutes])
  const selectedKey = location.pathname === '/admin/' ? '/admin' : location.pathname.replace(/\/$/, '')
  const activeRoute = visibleRoutes.find((route) => route.path === selectedKey)
+  const activeRouteLabel = activeRoute ? t(activeRoute.labelKey) : ''
  const searchResults = useMemo(() => adminSearch.search(searchQuery), [adminSearch, searchQuery])
  const themeOptions = useMemo(() => [
-    { value: 'light' as const, label: '浅色', title: '浅色', icon: <Sun /> },
-    { value: 'system' as const, label: '系统', title: '跟随系统', icon: <Monitor /> },
-    { value: 'dark' as const, label: '深色', title: '深色', icon: <Moon /> },
-  ], [])
+    { value: 'light' as const, label: t('common.themeLight'), title: t('common.themeLight'), icon: <Sun /> },
+    { value: 'system' as const, label: t('common.themeSystem'), title: t('common.themeFollowSystem'), icon: <Monitor /> },
+    { value: 'dark' as const, label: t('common.themeDark'), title: t('common.themeDark'), icon: <Moon /> },
+  ], [t])
+  const languageOptions = useMemo(() => localeOptions.map((option) => ({
+    value: option.value,
+    label: t(option.labelKey),
+    title: t(option.titleKey),
+    icon: <Languages />,
+  })), [t])

  const updateOpenKeys = (nextKeys: string[]) => {
    cachedOpenKeys = nextKeys
@@ -116,15 +136,15 @@ export function AdminLayout({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
            event.stopPropagation()
            setCollapsed((value) => !value)
          }}
-          aria-label={collapsed ? '展开菜单' : '折叠菜单'}
-          title={collapsed ? '展开菜单' : '折叠菜单'}
+          title={collapsed ? t('admin.expandMenu') : t('admin.collapseMenu')}
+          aria-label={collapsed ? t('admin.expandMenu') : t('admin.collapseMenu')}
        >
          {collapsed ? <Menu size={18} /> : <X size={18} />}
        </Button>
        {!collapsed ? (
          <div className="admin__brand-copy">
-            <span className="admin__brand-text">智能星球</span>
-            <span className="admin__brand-subtitle">控制台</span>
+            <span className="admin__brand-text">{t('admin.brandTitle')}</span>
+            <span className="admin__brand-subtitle">{t('admin.brandSubtitle')}</span>
          </div>
        ) : null}
      </div>
@@ -186,36 +206,61 @@ export function AdminLayout({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {

      {!collapsed ? (
        <div className="admin__account">
-          <div className="admin__account-row">
-            <div>
-              <strong>Hi, {user?.username || '-'}</strong>
+          <div className="admin__account-row admin__account-row--primary">
+            <div className="admin__account-profile">
+              <span className="admin__account-avatar" aria-hidden="true">{userInitial}</span>
+              <div>
+                <strong>{t('admin.greeting', { name: username })}</strong>
+                <span>{t('admin.version')} v{packageJson.version}</span>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+            <div className="admin__account-actions">
+              <Button
+                size="icon"
+                variant="ghost"
+                className={cn('admin__account-preferences', preferencesOpen && 'is-active')}
+                onClick={() => setPreferencesOpen((value) => !value)}
+                title={preferencesLabel}
+                aria-label={preferencesLabel}
+                aria-expanded={preferencesOpen}
+              >
+                <Settings size={15} />
+              </Button>
+              <Button
+                size="icon"
+                variant="ghost"
+                className="admin__account-logout"
+                onClick={() => {
+                  logout()
+                  navigate('/login')
+                }}
+                title={t('admin.logout')}
+                aria-label={t('admin.logout')}
+              >
+                <LogOut size={15} />
+              </Button>
            </div>
-            <Button
-              size="icon"
-              variant="ghost"
-              className="admin__account-logout"
-              onClick={() => {
-                logout()
-                navigate('/login')
-              }}
-              aria-label="退出登录"
-              title="退出登录"
-            >
-              <LogOut size={15} />
-            </Button>
          </div>
-          <div className="admin__account-row">
-            <span>版本号</span>
-            <strong>v{packageJson.version}</strong>
+          <div className={cn('admin__preferences-drawer', preferencesOpen && 'is-open')} aria-hidden={!preferencesOpen}>
+            <div className="admin__preferences-panel">
+              <SegmentedControl<SupportedLocale>
+                ariaLabel={t('admin.languageControl')}
+                className="admin__language-control admin__language-control--sider"
+                options={languageOptions}
+                scale={0.86}
+                value={locale}
+                onChange={setLocale}
+              />
+              <SegmentedControl<AdminThemeMode>
+                ariaLabel={t('admin.themeControl')}
+                className="admin__theme-control admin__theme-control--sider"
+                options={themeOptions}
+                scale={0.86}
+                value={mode}
+                onChange={setMode}
+              />
+            </div>
          </div>
-          <SegmentedControl<AdminThemeMode>
-            ariaLabel="控制台主题"
-            className="admin__theme-control admin__theme-control--sider"
-            options={themeOptions}
-            scale={0.72}
-            value={mode}
-            onChange={setMode}
-          />
        </div>
      ) : null}
    </>
@@ -250,22 +295,22 @@ export function AdminLayout({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
      {mobileNavOpen ? (
        <div className="admin__mobile-nav">
          <div className="admin__mobile-nav-panel">{nav}</div>
-          <button className="admin__mobile-nav-backdrop" type="button" aria-label="关闭导航" onClick={() => setMobileNavOpen(false)} />
+          <button className="admin__mobile-nav-backdrop" type="button" aria-label={t('admin.closeNav')} onClick={() => setMobileNavOpen(false)} />
        </div>
      ) : null}
      <main className="admin__content">
        <header className="admin__topbar">
-          <Button size="icon" variant="ghost" className="admin__mobile-menu" onClick={() => setMobileNavOpen(true)} aria-label="打开导航" title="打开导航">
+          <Button size="icon" variant="ghost" className="admin__mobile-menu" onClick={() => setMobileNavOpen(true)} aria-label={t('admin.openNav')} title={t('admin.openNav')}>
            <Menu size={18} />
          </Button>
          <div className="admin__search" onBlur={handleSearchBlur}>
            <Search className="admin__search-icon" size={16} />
            <input
              ref={searchInputRef}
-              aria-label="搜索功能、配置和文字"
+              aria-label={t('admin.search.label')}
              autoComplete="off"
              value={searchQuery}
-              placeholder={activeRoute ? `搜索功能、配置和文字，当前：${activeRoute.label}` : '搜索功能、配置和文字'}
+              placeholder={activeRouteLabel ? `${t('admin.search.placeholder')}，${t('admin.search.current', { label: activeRouteLabel })}` : t('admin.search.placeholder')}
              onChange={(event) => {
                setSearchQuery(event.target.value)
                setSearchOpen(true)
@@ -275,7 +320,7 @@ export function AdminLayout({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
              onKeyDown={handleSearchKeyDown}
            />
            {searchOpen ? (
-              <div className="admin__search-results" role="listbox" aria-label="Admin 搜索结果">
+              <div className="admin__search-results" role="listbox" aria-label={t('admin.search.results')}>
                {searchResults.length > 0 ? searchResults.map((target, index) => {
                  const ResultIcon = target.icon || Search
                  return (
@@ -297,7 +342,7 @@ export function AdminLayout({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
                    </button>
                  )
                }) : (
-                  <div className="admin__search-empty">{adminSearch.loading ? '正在加载搜索索引…' : '没有找到匹配内容'}</div>
+                  <div className="admin__search-empty">{adminSearch.loading ? t('admin.search.loading') : t('admin.search.empty')}</div>
                )}
              </div>
            ) : null}
--- a/frontend/src/admin/components/ui/dialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/admin/components/ui/dialog.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import * as DialogPrimitive from '@radix-ui/react-dialog'
 import { X } from 'lucide-react'
 import { type ReactNode } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 import Scrollbar from '../../../components/Scrollbar/Scrollbar'
 import { Button } from './button'

@@ -15,6 +16,8 @@ interface DialogProps {
 }

 export function Dialog({ open, onOpenChange, title, description, children, footer, width }: DialogProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+
  return (
    <DialogPrimitive.Root open={open} onOpenChange={onOpenChange}>
      <DialogPrimitive.Portal>
@@ -30,7 +33,7 @@ export function Dialog({ open, onOpenChange, title, description, children, foote
              ) : null}
            </div>
            <DialogPrimitive.Close asChild>
-              <Button size="icon" variant="ghost" aria-label="关闭" title="关闭">
+              <Button size="icon" variant="ghost" aria-label={t('common.close')} title={t('common.close')}>
                <X size={16} />
              </Button>
            </DialogPrimitive.Close>
@@ -60,12 +63,16 @@ export function ConfirmDialog({
  onOpenChange,
  title,
  description,
-  confirmLabel = '确认',
-  cancelLabel = '取消',
+  confirmLabel,
+  cancelLabel,
  danger = false,
  loading = false,
  onConfirm,
 }: ConfirmDialogProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const resolvedCancelLabel = cancelLabel || t('common.cancel')
+  const resolvedConfirmLabel = confirmLabel || t('common.confirm')
+
  return (
    <Dialog
      open={open}
@@ -76,15 +83,15 @@ export function ConfirmDialog({
      footer={(
        <>
          <Button variant="subtle" onClick={() => onOpenChange(false)} disabled={loading}>
-            {cancelLabel}
+            {resolvedCancelLabel}
          </Button>
          <Button variant={danger ? 'danger' : 'primary'} onClick={onConfirm} loading={loading}>
-            {confirmLabel}
+            {resolvedConfirmLabel}
          </Button>
        </>
      )}
    >
-      <span className="sr-only">{description || '请确认本次操作。'}</span>
+      <span className="sr-only">{description || t('common.confirm')}</span>
    </Dialog>
  )
 }
--- a/frontend/src/admin/components/ui/toast.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/admin/components/ui/toast.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import * as ToastPrimitive from '@radix-ui/react-toast'
 import { X } from 'lucide-react'
 import { createContext, useCallback, useContext, useMemo, useState, type ReactNode } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'

 type ToastTone = 'default' | 'success' | 'error'

@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ interface ToastContextValue {
 const ToastContext = createContext<ToastContextValue | null>(null)

 export function ToastProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
  const [items, setItems] = useState<ToastItem[]>([])

  const toast = useCallback((item: Omit<ToastItem, 'id' | 'tone'> & { tone?: ToastTone }) => {
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ export function ToastProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
                {item.description}
              </ToastPrimitive.Description>
            ) : null}
-            <ToastPrimitive.Close className="an-toast__close" aria-label="关闭通知" title="关闭通知">
+            <ToastPrimitive.Close className="an-toast__close" aria-label={t('common.close')} title={t('common.close')}>
              <X size={14} />
            </ToastPrimitive.Close>
          </ToastPrimitive.Root>
--- a/frontend/src/admin/pages/Users.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/admin/pages/Users.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import axios from 'axios'
 import { Edit, Plus, Search, Trash2, X } from 'lucide-react'
 import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react'
 import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { useAuthStore } from '../../stores/auth'
 import { DataTable } from '../components/data-table/DataTable'
@@ -25,28 +26,17 @@ interface User {
  created_at: string
 }

-const userSchema = z.object({
-  username: z.string().min(1, '请输入用户名'),
-  email: z.string().email('请输入有效邮箱'),
-  password: z.string().optional(),
-  role: z.string().min(1, '请选择角色'),
-  gatekeeper_groups: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
-})
+interface UserFormValues {
+  username: string
+  email: string
+  password?: string
+  role: string
+  gatekeeper_groups?: string[]
+}

-type UserFormValues = z.infer<typeof userSchema>
+const roleValues = ['super_admin', 'admin', 'operator', 'viewer'] as const

-const roleOptions = [
-  { value: 'super_admin', label: '超级管理员' },
-  { value: 'admin', label: '管理员' },
-  { value: 'operator', label: '操作员' },
-  { value: 'viewer', label: '只读用户' },
-]
-
-const gatekeeperOptions = [
-  { value: 'docs_user', label: '文档：用户文档' },
-  { value: 'docs_developer', label: '文档：开发文档' },
-  { value: 'docs_admin', label: '文档：管理/运维文档' },
-]
+const gatekeeperValues = ['docs_user', 'docs_developer', 'docs_admin'] as const

 function roleTone(role: string) {
  if (role === 'super_admin') return 'red'
@@ -56,15 +46,8 @@ function roleTone(role: string) {
  return 'default'
 }

-function roleLabel(role: string) {
-  return roleOptions.find((option) => option.value === role)?.label || role
-}
-
-function gatekeeperLabel(group: string) {
-  return gatekeeperOptions.find((option) => option.value === group)?.label || group
-}
-
 export default function Users() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
  const { user: currentUser } = useAuthStore()
  const { toast } = useToast()
  const [users, setUsers] = useState<User[]>([])
@@ -74,6 +57,23 @@ export default function Users() {
  const [deleteTarget, setDeleteTarget] = useState<User | null>(null)
  const [searchText, setSearchText] = useState('')
  const isSuperAdmin = currentUser?.role === 'super_admin'
+  const userSchema = useMemo(() => z.object({
+    username: z.string().min(1, t('auth.username')),
+    email: z.string().email(t('auth.email')),
+    password: z.string().optional(),
+    role: z.string().min(1, t('users.role')),
+    gatekeeper_groups: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
+  }), [t])
+  const roleOptions = useMemo(() => roleValues.map((value) => ({
+    value,
+    label: t(`users.roles.${value}`),
+  })), [t])
+  const gatekeeperOptions = useMemo(() => gatekeeperValues.map((value) => ({
+    value,
+    label: t(`users.gatekeeper.${value}`),
+  })), [t])
+  const roleLabel = (role: string) => roleOptions.find((option) => option.value === role)?.label || role
+  const gatekeeperLabel = (group: string) => gatekeeperOptions.find((option) => option.value === group)?.label || group

  const form = useForm<UserFormValues>({
    resolver: zodResolver(userSchema),
@@ -125,17 +125,17 @@ export default function Users() {
      if (!isSuperAdmin) delete payload.gatekeeper_groups
      if (editingUser) {
        await axios.put(`/api/v1/users/${editingUser.id}`, payload)
-        toast({ tone: 'success', title: '更新成功' })
+        toast({ tone: 'success', title: t('users.updateSuccess') })
      } else {
        const createPayload = { ...payload, password: values.password || '' }
        await axios.post('/api/v1/users', createPayload)
-        toast({ tone: 'success', title: '创建成功' })
+        toast({ tone: 'success', title: t('users.createSuccess') })
      }
      setModalVisible(false)
      void fetchUsers()
    } catch (error: unknown) {
      const err = error as { response?: { data?: { detail?: string } } }
-      toast({ tone: 'error', title: '操作失败', description: err.response?.data?.detail || '请稍后重试' })
+      toast({ tone: 'error', title: t('common.operationFailed'), description: err.response?.data?.detail || t('users.retryLater') })
    }
  }

@@ -143,22 +143,22 @@ export default function Users() {
    if (!deleteTarget) return
    try {
      await axios.delete(`/api/v1/users/${deleteTarget.id}`)
-      toast({ tone: 'success', title: '删除成功' })
+      toast({ tone: 'success', title: t('users.deleteSuccess') })
      setDeleteTarget(null)
      void fetchUsers()
    } catch (error: unknown) {
      const err = error as { response?: { data?: { detail?: string } } }
-      toast({ tone: 'error', title: '删除失败', description: err.response?.data?.detail || '请稍后重试' })
+      toast({ tone: 'error', title: t('users.deleteFailed'), description: err.response?.data?.detail || t('users.retryLater') })
    }
  }

  const columns = useMemo<Array<ColumnDef<User>>>(() => [
    { accessorKey: 'id', header: 'ID', size: 80 },
-    { accessorKey: 'username', header: '用户名', size: 180 },
-    { accessorKey: 'email', header: '邮箱', size: 260 },
+    { accessorKey: 'username', header: t('auth.username'), size: 180 },
+    { accessorKey: 'email', header: t('auth.email'), size: 260 },
    {
      accessorKey: 'role',
-      header: '角色',
+      header: t('users.role'),
      size: 140,
      cell: ({ row }) => <Badge tone={roleTone(row.original.role)} title={row.original.role}>{roleLabel(row.original.role)}</Badge>,
    },
@@ -175,30 +175,30 @@ export default function Users() {
              <Badge key={group} tone={group === 'docs_admin' ? 'red' : group === 'docs_developer' ? 'blue' : 'green'}>
                {gatekeeperLabel(group)}
              </Badge>
-            )) : <Badge tone="slate">未配置</Badge>}
+            )) : <Badge tone="slate">{t('users.unconfigured')}</Badge>}
          </div>
        )
      },
    },
    {
      accessorKey: 'is_active',
-      header: '状态',
+      header: t('users.status'),
      size: 120,
-      cell: ({ row }) => <Badge tone={row.original.is_active ? 'green' : 'red'}>{row.original.is_active ? '活跃' : '禁用'}</Badge>,
+      cell: ({ row }) => <Badge tone={row.original.is_active ? 'green' : 'red'}>{row.original.is_active ? t('users.active') : t('users.disabled')}</Badge>,
    },
    {
      id: 'actions',
-      header: '操作',
+      header: t('users.actions'),
      size: 148,
      enableSorting: false,
      cell: ({ row }) => (
        <div className="an-row-actions">
-          <Button size="sm" variant="ghost" onClick={() => handleEdit(row.original)}><Edit size={14} />编辑</Button>
-          <Button size="sm" variant="ghost" className="is-danger" onClick={() => setDeleteTarget(row.original)}><Trash2 size={14} />删除</Button>
+          <Button size="sm" variant="ghost" onClick={() => handleEdit(row.original)}><Edit size={14} />{t('users.edit')}</Button>
+          <Button size="sm" variant="ghost" className="is-danger" onClick={() => setDeleteTarget(row.original)}><Trash2 size={14} />{t('common.delete')}</Button>
        </div>
      ),
    },
-  ], [])
+  ], [gatekeeperOptions, roleOptions, t])

  const filteredUsers = useMemo(() => {
    const keyword = searchText.trim().toLowerCase()
@@ -218,8 +218,8 @@ export default function Users() {
      <div className="an-page">
        <div className="an-page__header">
          <div>
-            <h1>用户管理</h1>
-            <p>维护后台账号、角色与文档权限组。</p>
+            <h1>{t('admin.routes.users')}</h1>
+            <p>{t('users.description')}</p>
          </div>
          <div className="an-toolbar">
            <div className="an-search-box">
@@ -227,15 +227,15 @@ export default function Users() {
              <Input
                value={searchText}
                onChange={(event) => setSearchText(event.target.value)}
-                placeholder="搜索用户、邮箱、角色"
+                placeholder={t('users.searchPlaceholder')}
              />
              {searchText ? (
-                <Button size="icon" variant="ghost" onClick={() => setSearchText('')} aria-label="清空搜索" title="清空搜索">
+                <Button size="icon" variant="ghost" onClick={() => setSearchText('')} aria-label={t('users.clearSearch')} title={t('users.clearSearch')}>
                  <X size={14} />
                </Button>
              ) : null}
            </div>
-            <Button variant="primary" onClick={handleAdd}><Plus size={16} />添加用户</Button>
+            <Button variant="primary" onClick={handleAdd}><Plus size={16} />{t('users.addUser')}</Button>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div className="an-page__body">
@@ -244,40 +244,40 @@ export default function Users() {
      </div>

      <Dialog
-        title={editingUser ? '编辑用户' : '添加用户'}
+        title={editingUser ? t('users.editUser') : t('users.addUser')}
        open={modalVisible}
        onOpenChange={setModalVisible}
        footer={(
          <>
-            <Button variant="subtle" onClick={() => setModalVisible(false)}>取消</Button>
-            <Button variant="primary" loading={form.formState.isSubmitting} onClick={form.handleSubmit(handleSubmit)}>提交</Button>
+            <Button variant="subtle" onClick={() => setModalVisible(false)}>{t('common.cancel')}</Button>
+            <Button variant="primary" loading={form.formState.isSubmitting} onClick={form.handleSubmit(handleSubmit)}>{t('users.submit')}</Button>
          </>
        )}
      >
        <form className="an-form" onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(handleSubmit)}>
          <label className="an-field">
-            <span>用户名</span>
+            <span>{t('auth.username')}</span>
            <Input {...form.register('username')} />
            {form.formState.errors.username ? <em>{form.formState.errors.username.message}</em> : null}
          </label>
          <label className="an-field">
-            <span>邮箱</span>
+            <span>{t('auth.email')}</span>
            <Input {...form.register('email')} />
            {form.formState.errors.email ? <em>{form.formState.errors.email.message}</em> : null}
          </label>
          {!editingUser ? (
            <label className="an-field">
-              <span>密码</span>
+              <span>{t('auth.password')}</span>
              <Input type="password" {...form.register('password', { required: true, minLength: 8 })} />
-              {form.formState.errors.password ? <em>密码至少 8 位</em> : null}
+              {form.formState.errors.password ? <em>{t('auth.passwordHint')}</em> : null}
            </label>
          ) : null}
          <label className="an-field">
-            <span>角色</span>
+            <span>{t('users.role')}</span>
            <Select value={form.watch('role')} onValueChange={(value) => form.setValue('role', value)} options={roleOptions} />
          </label>
          <div className="an-field">
-            <span>Gatekeeper 权限组</span>
+            <span>{t('users.gatekeeperGroups')}</span>
            <div className="an-checkbox-list" aria-disabled={!isSuperAdmin}>
              {gatekeeperOptions.map((option) => (
                <label key={option.value}>
@@ -301,14 +301,14 @@ export default function Users() {
      </Dialog>

      <ConfirmDialog
-        title="确认删除"
+        title={t('users.confirmDelete')}
        open={Boolean(deleteTarget)}
        onOpenChange={(open) => {
          if (!open) setDeleteTarget(null)
        }}
-        description={`确定要删除用户 ${deleteTarget?.username || ''} 吗？`}
+        description={t('users.confirmDeleteDescription', { username: deleteTarget?.username || '' })}
        danger
-        confirmLabel="删除"
+        confirmLabel={t('common.delete')}
        onConfirm={() => void handleDelete()}
      />
    </AdminLayout>
--- a/frontend/src/admin/routes/manifest.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/admin/routes/manifest.tsx
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
 export interface AdminRouteItem {
  path: string
  label: string
+  labelKey: string
  group: string
  icon: LucideIcon
  keywords: string[]
@@ -26,33 +27,34 @@ export interface AdminRouteItem {
 export interface AdminRouteGroup {
  key: string
  label: string
+  labelKey: string
  icon: LucideIcon
 }

 export const adminRouteGroups: AdminRouteGroup[] = [
-  { key: 'overview', label: '总览', icon: CircleGauge },
-  { key: 'collection', label: '采集与数据', icon: HardDrive },
-  { key: 'observability', label: '专题观测', icon: AppWindow },
-  { key: 'alerts', label: '告警与研判', icon: ShieldAlert },
-  { key: 'ops', label: '运维与配置', icon: Settings },
+  { key: 'overview', label: '总览', labelKey: 'admin.groups.overview', icon: CircleGauge },
+  { key: 'collection', label: '采集与数据', labelKey: 'admin.groups.collection', icon: HardDrive },
+  { key: 'observability', label: '专题观测', labelKey: 'admin.groups.observability', icon: AppWindow },
+  { key: 'alerts', label: '告警与研判', labelKey: 'admin.groups.alerts', icon: ShieldAlert },
+  { key: 'ops', label: '运维与配置', labelKey: 'admin.groups.ops', icon: Settings },
 ]

 export const adminRoutes: AdminRouteItem[] = [
-  { path: '/admin', label: '仪表盘', group: 'overview', icon: CircleGauge, keywords: ['dashboard', '总览', '驾驶舱'] },
-  { path: '/earth', label: '智能星球', group: 'overview', icon: Globe2, keywords: ['earth', '地球', '智能星球'] },
-  { path: '/docs', label: '文档', group: 'overview', icon: FileText, keywords: ['docs', '文档', 'manual', '使用手册'] },
-  { path: '/datasources', label: '数据源', group: 'collection', icon: Database, keywords: ['datasource', '采集', '目录'] },
-  { path: '/data', label: '采集数据', group: 'collection', icon: AppWindow, keywords: ['data', 'records', '采集数据'] },
-  { path: '/bgp', label: 'BGP观测', group: 'observability', icon: Network, keywords: ['bgp', '观测', '网络'] },
-  { path: '/alerts/system', label: '系统告警', group: 'alerts', icon: AlertTriangle, keywords: ['alert', 'system', '告警'] },
-  { path: '/alerts/bgp', label: 'BGP 告警', group: 'alerts', icon: Network, keywords: ['alert', 'bgp', '风险'] },
-  { path: '/alerts/situational', label: '态势告警', group: 'alerts', icon: Globe2, keywords: ['situational', '态势', '研判'] },
-  { path: '/ai', label: 'AI', group: 'ops', icon: Bot, keywords: ['ai', 'provider', 'playground', 'prompt'] },
-  { path: '/earth-content', label: '智能星球内容', group: 'ops', icon: Globe2, keywords: ['earth', '地球', '智能星球', 'tv', 'boundary', 'brand', 'news', 'rss', '新闻源'] },
-  { path: '/collection-management', label: '采集管理', group: 'ops', icon: Database, keywords: ['collector', 'mapping', 'custom source'] },
-  { path: '/logs', label: '系统日志', group: 'ops', icon: FileText, keywords: ['log', '日志', 'tail'], superAdminOnly: true },
-  { path: '/users', label: '用户管理', group: 'ops', icon: Users, keywords: ['users', 'role', 'gatekeeper'] },
-  { path: '/settings', label: '系统设置', group: 'ops', icon: Settings, keywords: ['settings', 'smtp', 'security'] },
+  { path: '/admin', label: '仪表盘', labelKey: 'admin.routes.dashboard', group: 'overview', icon: CircleGauge, keywords: ['dashboard', '总览', '驾驶舱'] },
+  { path: '/earth', label: '智能星球', labelKey: 'admin.routes.earth', group: 'overview', icon: Globe2, keywords: ['earth', '地球', '智能星球'] },
+  { path: '/docs', label: '文档', labelKey: 'admin.routes.docs', group: 'overview', icon: FileText, keywords: ['docs', '文档', 'manual', '使用手册'] },
+  { path: '/datasources', label: '数据源', labelKey: 'admin.routes.datasources', group: 'collection', icon: Database, keywords: ['datasource', '采集', '目录'] },
+  { path: '/data', label: '采集数据', labelKey: 'admin.routes.data', group: 'collection', icon: AppWindow, keywords: ['data', 'records', '采集数据'] },
+  { path: '/bgp', label: 'BGP观测', labelKey: 'admin.routes.bgp', group: 'observability', icon: Network, keywords: ['bgp', '观测', '网络'] },
+  { path: '/alerts/system', label: '系统告警', labelKey: 'admin.routes.systemAlerts', group: 'alerts', icon: AlertTriangle, keywords: ['alert', 'system', '告警'] },
+  { path: '/alerts/bgp', label: 'BGP 告警', labelKey: 'admin.routes.bgpAlerts', group: 'alerts', icon: Network, keywords: ['alert', 'bgp', '风险'] },
+  { path: '/alerts/situational', label: '态势告警', labelKey: 'admin.routes.situationalAlerts', group: 'alerts', icon: Globe2, keywords: ['situational', '态势', '研判'] },
+  { path: '/ai', label: 'AI', labelKey: 'admin.routes.ai', group: 'ops', icon: Bot, keywords: ['ai', 'provider', 'playground', 'prompt'] },
+  { path: '/earth-content', label: '智能星球内容', labelKey: 'admin.routes.earthContent', group: 'ops', icon: Globe2, keywords: ['earth', '地球', '智能星球', 'tv', 'boundary', 'brand', 'news', 'rss', '新闻源'] },
+  { path: '/collection-management', label: '采集管理', labelKey: 'admin.routes.collectionManagement', group: 'ops', icon: Database, keywords: ['collector', 'mapping', 'custom source'] },
+  { path: '/logs', label: '系统日志', labelKey: 'admin.routes.logs', group: 'ops', icon: FileText, keywords: ['log', '日志', 'tail'], superAdminOnly: true },
+  { path: '/users', label: '用户管理', labelKey: 'admin.routes.users', group: 'ops', icon: Users, keywords: ['users', 'role', 'gatekeeper'] },
+  { path: '/settings', label: '系统设置', labelKey: 'admin.routes.settings', group: 'ops', icon: Settings, keywords: ['settings', 'smtp', 'security'] },
 ]

 export function getVisibleAdminRoutes(isSuperAdmin: boolean) {
--- a/frontend/src/admin/search/AdminSearchContext.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/admin/search/AdminSearchContext.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { createContext, useCallback, useContext, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState, type ReactNode } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 import { useLocation, useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom'
 import { useAuthStore } from '../../stores/auth'
 import { buildDynamicAdminTargets, buildStaticAdminTargets, searchAdminTargets } from './indexers'
@@ -26,13 +27,14 @@ function targetSearchParams(target: AdminSearchTarget) {
 export function AdminSearchProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
  const navigate = useNavigate()
  const location = useLocation()
+  const { i18n } = useTranslation()
  const { user } = useAuthStore()
  const isSuperAdmin = user?.role === 'super_admin'
  const [dynamicTargets, setDynamicTargets] = useState<AdminSearchTarget[]>([])
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false)
  const loadedRef = useRef(false)
  const loadingRef = useRef<Promise<void> | null>(null)
-  const staticTargets = useMemo(() => buildStaticAdminTargets(isSuperAdmin), [isSuperAdmin])
+  const staticTargets = useMemo(() => buildStaticAdminTargets(isSuperAdmin), [i18n.language, isSuperAdmin])
  const targets = useMemo(() => {
    const byId = new Map<string, AdminSearchTarget>()
    staticTargets.forEach((target) => byId.set(target.id, target))
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ export function AdminSearchProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
    loadedRef.current = false
    loadingRef.current = null
    setDynamicTargets([])
-  }, [isSuperAdmin])
+  }, [i18n.language, isSuperAdmin])

  const ensureDynamicIndex = useCallback(async (query: string) => {
    if (query.trim().length < 2 || loadedRef.current) return
--- a/frontend/src/admin/search/indexers.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/admin/search/indexers.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import {
  ShieldAlert,
  Users,
 } from 'lucide-react'
+import i18n from '../../i18n'
 import { adminRoutes, getVisibleAdminRoutes } from '../routes/manifest'
 import type { AdminSearchTarget } from './types'

@@ -50,11 +51,68 @@ function targetId(parts: Array<string | undefined>) {
  return parts.filter(Boolean).join(':')
 }

+const labelKeys: Record<string, string> = {
+  'AI': 'admin.routes.ai',
+  'BGP观测': 'admin.routes.bgp',
+  'BGP': 'admin.sections.bgpOverview',
+  'BGP 事故': 'admin.sections.alerts',
+  'BGP 告警': 'admin.routes.bgpAlerts',
+  'Playground': 'admin.sections.aiPlayground',
+  'SMTP 邮件': 'admin.sections.smtp',
+  '工具调用': 'admin.sections.aiTools',
+  '提示词': 'admin.sections.aiPrompts',
+  '日志': 'admin.routes.logs',
+  '日志源': 'admin.sections.logsSources',
+  '智能星球内容': 'admin.routes.earthContent',
+  '模型供应商': 'admin.sections.aiIntegrations',
+  '模型预设': 'admin.sections.aiIntegrations',
+  '电视直播': 'admin.sections.tv',
+  '系统告警': 'admin.routes.systemAlerts',
+  '系统显示': 'admin.sections.settingsSystem',
+  '系统设置': 'admin.routes.settings',
+  '采集历史': 'admin.sections.collectionHistory',
+  '采集历史 / 快照': 'admin.sections.collectionHistory',
+  '采集器': 'admin.sections.collectorCredentials',
+  '采集数据': 'admin.routes.data',
+  '采集管理': 'admin.routes.collectionManagement',
+  '采集调度': 'admin.sections.collectors',
+  '数据源': 'admin.routes.datasources',
+  '用户': 'admin.routes.users',
+  '用户管理': 'admin.routes.users',
+  '告警记录': 'admin.sections.alerts',
+  '国界精度': 'admin.sections.earthAssets',
+  '品牌标识': 'admin.sections.earthBrand',
+  '态势告警': 'admin.routes.situationalAlerts',
+  '通知策略': 'admin.sections.notifications',
+  '安全策略': 'admin.sections.security',
+  '新闻源': 'admin.sections.newsSources',
+  '页面': 'admin.search.pageContext',
+}
+
+function translateLabel(label: string | undefined): string | undefined {
+  if (!label) return label
+  const key = labelKeys[label]
+  return key ? i18n.t(key) : label
+}
+
 function makeTarget(target: Omit<AdminSearchTarget, 'id'> & { id?: string }): AdminSearchTarget {
+  const routeLabel = translateLabel(target.routeLabel) || target.routeLabel
+  const sectionLabel = translateLabel(target.sectionLabel) || target.sectionLabel
+  const label = translateLabel(target.label) || target.label
+  const contextLabel = translateLabel(target.contextLabel) || target.contextLabel
+
  return {
    ...target,
+    contextLabel,
    id: target.id || targetId([target.routePath, target.sectionKey, target.groupKey, target.fieldKey, target.label]),
+    label,
+    routeLabel,
+    sectionLabel,
    terms: Array.from(new Set([
+      label,
+      routeLabel,
+      sectionLabel,
+      contextLabel,
      target.routeLabel,
      target.sectionLabel,
      target.contextLabel,
@@ -153,9 +211,9 @@ export function buildStaticAdminTargets(isSuperAdmin: boolean): AdminSearchTarge
    .filter((route) => visiblePaths.has(route.path))
    .map((route) => makeTarget({
      routePath: route.path,
-      routeLabel: route.label,
-      label: route.label,
-      contextLabel: '页面',
+      routeLabel: i18n.t(route.labelKey),
+      label: i18n.t(route.labelKey),
+      contextLabel: i18n.t('admin.search.pageContext'),
      terms: route.keywords,
      icon: route.icon,
    }))
--- a/frontend/src/admin/styles.css
+++ b/frontend/src/admin/styles.css
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 .admin-theme-root {
+  min-height: 0;
+  height: 100%;
+  overflow: hidden;
  --an-page-padding: 16px;
  --an-section-gap: 16px;
  --an-panel-gap: 12px;
@@ -128,7 +131,10 @@ body:has(.admin-theme-root[data-theme='dark']) .an-toast {
 .admin__sider {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
+  min-height: 0;
  min-width: 0;
+  height: 100%;
+  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--an-surface);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--an-border);
 }
@@ -171,8 +177,9 @@ body:has(.admin-theme-root[data-theme='dark']) .an-toast {
 }

 .admin__nav-scroll {
-  flex: 1;
+  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-height: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
 }

 .admin__nav {
@@ -237,10 +244,12 @@ body:has(.admin-theme-root[data-theme='dark']) .an-toast {
 }

 .admin__account {
+  flex: 0 0 auto;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--an-border);
  padding: 12px;
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--an-bg) 42%, var(--an-surface));
  display: grid;
-  gap: 9px;
+  gap: 0;
 }

 .admin__account-row {
@@ -251,21 +260,93 @@ body:has(.admin-theme-root[data-theme='dark']) .an-toast {
  font-size: 12px;
 }

+.admin__account-row--primary {
+  min-height: 34px;
+}
+
 .admin__account-row > div {
  min-width: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 2px;
 }

+.admin__account-profile {
+  display: flex !important;
+  grid-template-columns: none;
+  align-items: center;
+  min-width: 0;
+  flex: 1 1 auto;
+  margin-right: 6px;
+}
+
+.admin__account-row .admin__account-profile {
+  gap: 18px;
+}
+
+.admin__account-profile > div {
+  min-width: 0;
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 1px;
+}
+
+.admin__account-avatar {
+  flex: 0 0 30px;
+  width: 30px;
+  height: 30px;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  background: var(--an-accent);
+  color: #ffffff;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px color-mix(in srgb, var(--an-accent) 22%, transparent);
+}
+
+.admin__account-row .admin__account-avatar {
+  color: #ffffff;
+}
+
 .admin__account-row strong {
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
 }

-.admin__account-logout {
+.admin__account-actions {
+  display: flex !important;
+  grid-template-columns: none;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+  flex: 0 0 auto;
+  gap: 4px;
+}
+
+.admin__account-logout,
+.admin__account-preferences {
  width: 28px;
  height: 28px;
+}
+
+.admin__account-preferences {
+  color: var(--an-muted);
+}
+
+.admin__account-preferences svg {
+  transition: color 0.18s ease, transform 0.28s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1);
+}
+
+.admin__account-preferences.is-active {
+  color: var(--an-accent);
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--an-accent) 10%, var(--an-surface));
+}
+
+.admin__account-preferences.is-active svg {
+  transform: rotate(90deg);
+}
+
+.admin__account-logout {
  color: var(--an-danger);
 }

@@ -277,11 +358,46 @@ body:has(.admin-theme-root[data-theme='dark']) .an-toast {
  width: 100%;
 }

+.admin__preferences-drawer {
+  max-height: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  opacity: 0;
+  visibility: hidden;
+  transform: translateY(-5px);
+  transition:
+    max-height 0.24s ease,
+    opacity 0.18s ease,
+    transform 0.24s ease,
+    visibility 0s linear 0.24s;
+}
+
+.admin__preferences-drawer.is-open {
+  max-height: 146px;
+  opacity: 1;
+  visibility: visible;
+  transform: translateY(0);
+  transition:
+    max-height 0.28s ease,
+    opacity 0.18s ease,
+    transform 0.28s ease,
+    visibility 0s;
+}
+
+.admin__preferences-panel {
+  margin-top: 12px;
+  padding: 12px 14px;
+  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--an-border) 78%, transparent);
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--an-bg) 62%, var(--an-surface));
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 8px;
+}
+
 .admin__theme-control--sider {
  --segmented-control-radius: 8px;
  --segmented-control-slider-radius: 6px;
  --segmented-control-button-gap: 0;
-  --segmented-control-icon-size: calc(17px * var(--segmented-control-scale, 1));
+  --segmented-control-icon-size: 13px;
 }

 .admin__theme-control--sider .segmented-control__button {
@@ -309,6 +425,21 @@ body:has(.admin-theme-root[data-theme='dark']) .an-toast {
  color: #64748b;
 }

+.admin__language-control--sider {
+  width: 100%;
+  --segmented-control-radius: 8px;
+  --segmented-control-slider-radius: 6px;
+  --segmented-control-button-gap: 0;
+  --segmented-control-font-size: calc(10px * var(--segmented-control-scale, 1));
+  --segmented-control-font-weight: 800;
+}
+
+.admin__language-control--sider .segmented-control__button {
+  font-size: calc(10px * var(--segmented-control-scale, 1));
+  font-weight: 800;
+  line-height: 1;
+}
+
 .admin__logout {
  justify-content: center;
 }
@@ -597,9 +728,11 @@ body:has(.admin-theme-root[data-theme='dark']) .an-toast {

 .admin__content {
  min-width: 0;
+  min-height: 0;
  height: 100%;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: 48px minmax(0, 1fr);
+  overflow: hidden;
 }

 .admin__topbar {
@@ -652,6 +785,25 @@ body:has(.admin-theme-root[data-theme='dark']) .an-toast {
  color: var(--an-muted);
 }

+.admin__language-control {
+  width: 112px;
+  --segmented-control-radius: 8px;
+  --segmented-control-slider-radius: 6px;
+  --segmented-control-button-gap: 0;
+}
+
+.admin__language-control .segmented-control__button {
+  flex-direction: row;
+}
+
+.admin__language-control .segmented-control__icon {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+.admin__language-control.admin__language-control--sider {
+  width: 100%;
+}
+
 .admin__search-results {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% + 6px);
@@ -754,6 +906,7 @@ body:has(.admin-theme-root[data-theme='dark']) .an-toast {
 .admin__content-inner {
  min-width: 0;
  min-height: 0;
+  height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: var(--an-page-padding);
 }
@@ -1633,7 +1786,7 @@ body:has(.admin-theme-root[data-theme='dark']) .an-toast {
  color: var(--an-text);
  padding: 8px 10px;
  display: grid;
-  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 104px;
+  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) max-content;
  align-items: start;
  gap: 10px;
  text-align: left;
@@ -1683,19 +1836,22 @@ body:has(.admin-theme-root[data-theme='dark']) .an-toast {
 }

 .an-hierarchy-group__meta {
-  width: 104px;
-  max-width: 104px;
+  width: max-content;
+  max-width: none;
+  min-width: max-content;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 5px;
-  overflow: hidden;
+  justify-self: end;
+  overflow: visible;
 }

 .an-hierarchy-group__meta .an-status-pill {
-  flex: 0 0 74px;
-  width: 74px;
-  max-width: 74px;
+  flex: 0 0 auto;
+  width: auto;
+  min-width: max-content;
+  max-width: none;
 }

 .an-hierarchy-group__meta em {
--- a/frontend/src/components/MarkdownRenderer/MarkdownRenderer.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/MarkdownRenderer/MarkdownRenderer.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Check, Copy } from 'lucide-react'
 import { memo, useEffect, useId, useRef, useState } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 import type { PointerEvent as ReactPointerEvent, ReactNode, WheelEvent as ReactWheelEvent } from 'react'

 import Scrollbar from '../Scrollbar/Scrollbar'
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ function isMermaidTextTarget(target: EventTarget | null): boolean {
 }

 function MarkdownCodeBlock({ code, language }: { code: string; language?: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
  const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false)
  const label = language?.trim() || 'text'
  const codeClassName = language
@@ -187,8 +189,8 @@ function MarkdownCodeBlock({ code, language }: { code: string; language?: string
          type="button"
          className="markdown-renderer__code-copy"
          onClick={handleCopy}
-          aria-label={copied ? '已复制代码' : '复制代码'}
-          title={copied ? '已复制' : '复制代码'}
+          aria-label={copied ? t('markdown.copiedCode') : t('markdown.copyCode')}
+          title={copied ? t('markdown.copied') : t('markdown.copyCode')}
        >
          {copied ? <Check size={14} /> : <Copy size={14} />}
        </button>
@@ -201,6 +203,7 @@ function MarkdownCodeBlock({ code, language }: { code: string; language?: string
 }

 function MarkdownMermaidBlock({ code }: { code: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
  const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false)
  const [svg, setSvg] = useState('')
  const [error, setError] = useState('')
@@ -266,7 +269,7 @@ function MarkdownMermaidBlock({ code }: { code: string }) {
      } catch (renderError) {
        if (!cancelled) {
          setSvg('')
-          setError(renderError instanceof Error ? renderError.message : 'Mermaid 渲染失败')
+          setError(renderError instanceof Error ? renderError.message : t('markdown.mermaidRenderFailed'))
        }
      }
    }
@@ -276,7 +279,7 @@ function MarkdownMermaidBlock({ code }: { code: string }) {
    return () => {
      cancelled = true
    }
-  }, [blockId, code, themeMode])
+  }, [blockId, code, t, themeMode])

  const handleCopy = async () => {
    await copyToClipboard(code)
@@ -339,8 +342,8 @@ function MarkdownMermaidBlock({ code }: { code: string }) {
            type="button"
            className="markdown-renderer__code-copy"
            onClick={handleCopy}
-            aria-label={copied ? '已复制图表源码' : '复制图表源码'}
-            title={copied ? '已复制' : '复制图表源码'}
+            aria-label={copied ? t('markdown.copiedChartSource') : t('markdown.copyChartSource')}
+            title={copied ? t('markdown.copied') : t('markdown.copyChartSource')}
          >
            {copied ? <Check size={14} /> : <Copy size={14} />}
          </button>
@@ -361,8 +364,8 @@ function MarkdownMermaidBlock({ code }: { code: string }) {
                openExpanded()
              }
            }}
-            aria-label="放大查看 Mermaid 图表"
-            title="点击放大查看"
+            aria-label={t('markdown.expandMermaid')}
+            title={t('markdown.clickToExpand')}
          >
            <span className="markdown-renderer__mermaid-canvas-inner" dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: svg }} />
          </div>
@@ -381,15 +384,15 @@ function MarkdownMermaidBlock({ code }: { code: string }) {
          className="markdown-renderer__mermaid-viewer"
          role="dialog"
          aria-modal="true"
-          aria-label="Mermaid 图表查看器"
+          aria-label={t('markdown.mermaidViewer')}
          onClick={closeExpanded}
        >
          <button
            type="button"
            className="markdown-renderer__mermaid-viewer-close"
            onClick={closeExpanded}
-            aria-label="关闭 Mermaid 图表查看器"
-            title="关闭"
+            aria-label={t('markdown.closeMermaid')}
+            title={t('common.close')}
          >
            ×
          </button>
@@ -411,7 +414,7 @@ function MarkdownMermaidBlock({ code }: { code: string }) {
            />
          </div>
          <div className="markdown-renderer__mermaid-viewer-hint">
-            拖拽移动 · 滚轮缩放 · 点击空白关闭
+            {t('markdown.viewerHint')}
          </div>
        </div>
      ) : null}
--- a/frontend/src/i18n/LegacyI18nBridge.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/LegacyI18nBridge.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import { useEffect } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+
+import { legacyUiTextEnUS } from './legacy-ui'
+import { normalizeLocale } from './locale'
+
+const attributeNames = ['aria-label', 'placeholder', 'title']
+const selector = '.admin-theme-root, .auth-shell'
+const reverseLegacyUiText = Object.fromEntries(
+  Object.entries(legacyUiTextEnUS).map(([source, target]) => [target, source]),
+)
+
+type LegacyTextPattern = {
+  match: RegExp
+  replace: (match: RegExpMatchArray) => string
+}
+
+const legacyTextPatternsEnUS: LegacyTextPattern[] = [
+  { match: /^结果\s+(.+)\s+条$/, replace: (match) => `Results ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^筛选\s+(.+)\s+项$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} filters` },
+  { match: /^共\s+(.+)\s+条结果$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} results` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+条新闻。$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} news items.` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+个历史快照，选择后查看该版本详情。$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} historical snapshots. Select one to view that version.` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+字段$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} fields` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+个源 \/ (.+)\s+个类型$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} sources / ${match[2]} categories` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+个来源$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} sources` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+个聚合项$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} aggregations` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+条$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} items` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+行$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} lines` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+次$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} times` },
+  { match: /^最后更新:\s*(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `Last updated: ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^任务已创建:\s*(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `Task created: ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^执行命令\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `Command ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^任务 ID\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `Task ID ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^触发已选\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `Trigger selected ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^新闻直播源\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `News stream source ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^新增新闻源\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `New news source ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^最终指标：(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `Final metric: ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^指纹\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `Fingerprint ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^首次\s+(.+)\s+·\s+最近\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `First ${match[1]} · Latest ${match[2]}` },
+  { match: /^已导出\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `Exported ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+采集失败$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} collection failed` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+采集已取消$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} collection cancelled` },
+]
+
+const legacyTextPatternsZhCN: LegacyTextPattern[] = [
+  { match: /^Results\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `结果 ${match[1]} 条` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+filters$/, replace: (match) => `筛选 ${match[1]} 项` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+results$/, replace: (match) => `共 ${match[1]} 条结果` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+news items\.$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} 条新闻。` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+historical snapshots\. Select one to view that version\.$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} 个历史快照，选择后查看该版本详情。` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+fields$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} 字段` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+sources \/ (.+)\s+categories$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} 个源 / ${match[2]} 个类型` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+sources$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} 个来源` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+aggregations$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} 个聚合项` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+items$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} 条` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+lines$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} 行` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+times$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} 次` },
+  { match: /^Last updated:\s*(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `最后更新: ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^Task created:\s*(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `任务已创建: ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^Command\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `执行命令 ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^Task ID\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `任务 ID ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^Trigger selected\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `触发已选 ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^News stream source\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `新闻直播源 ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^New news source\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `新增新闻源 ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^Final metric:\s*(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `最终指标：${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^Fingerprint\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `指纹 ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^First\s+(.+)\s+·\s+Latest\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `首次 ${match[1]} · 最近 ${match[2]}` },
+  { match: /^Exported\s+(.+)$/, replace: (match) => `已导出 ${match[1]}` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+collection failed$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} 采集失败` },
+  { match: /^(.+)\s+collection cancelled$/, replace: (match) => `${match[1]} 采集已取消` },
+]
+
+function preserveOuterWhitespace(source: string, replacement: string) {
+  const leading = source.match(/^\s*/)?.[0] || ''
+  const trailing = source.match(/\s*$/)?.[0] || ''
+  return `${leading}${replacement}${trailing}`
+}
+
+function translatePatternText(value: string, locale: string) {
+  const text = value.trim()
+  if (!text || text.length > 160) return value
+  const patterns = normalizeLocale(locale) === 'en-US' ? legacyTextPatternsEnUS : legacyTextPatternsZhCN
+  for (const pattern of patterns) {
+    const matched = text.match(pattern.match)
+    if (matched) return preserveOuterWhitespace(value, pattern.replace(matched))
+  }
+  return value
+}
+
+function translateText(value: string, locale: string) {
+  const text = value.trim()
+  if (!text) return value
+  const dictionary = normalizeLocale(locale) === 'en-US' ? legacyUiTextEnUS : reverseLegacyUiText
+  const replacement = dictionary[text]
+  if (replacement) return preserveOuterWhitespace(value, replacement)
+  return translatePatternText(value, locale)
+}
+
+function translateElementAttributes(element: Element, locale: string) {
+  attributeNames.forEach((attributeName) => {
+    const value = element.getAttribute(attributeName)
+    if (!value) return
+    const translated = translateText(value, locale)
+    if (translated !== value) element.setAttribute(attributeName, translated)
+  })
+}
+
+function translateNodeText(root: Element, locale: string) {
+  const walker = document.createTreeWalker(root, NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT)
+  let node = walker.nextNode()
+  while (node) {
+    const value = node.textContent || ''
+    const translated = translateText(value, locale)
+    if (translated !== value) node.textContent = translated
+    node = walker.nextNode()
+  }
+}
+
+function translateRoot(root: Element, locale: string) {
+  translateElementAttributes(root, locale)
+  root.querySelectorAll('*').forEach((element) => translateElementAttributes(element, locale))
+  translateNodeText(root, locale)
+}
+
+export default function LegacyI18nBridge() {
+  const { i18n } = useTranslation()
+  const locale = normalizeLocale(i18n.resolvedLanguage || i18n.language)
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    let frameId = 0
+    const translate = () => {
+      document.querySelectorAll(selector).forEach((root) => translateRoot(root, locale))
+    }
+    const scheduleTranslate = () => {
+      window.cancelAnimationFrame(frameId)
+      frameId = window.requestAnimationFrame(translate)
+    }
+
+    scheduleTranslate()
+    const observer = new MutationObserver(scheduleTranslate)
+    if (document.body) {
+      observer.observe(document.body, {
+        attributes: true,
+        attributeFilter: attributeNames,
+        characterData: true,
+        childList: true,
+        subtree: true,
+      })
+    }
+
+    return () => {
+      window.cancelAnimationFrame(frameId)
+      observer.disconnect()
+    }
+  }, [locale])
+
+  return null
+}
--- a/frontend/src/i18n/index.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import i18n from 'i18next'
+import { initReactI18next } from 'react-i18next'
+
+import { readStoredLocale, syncDocumentLocale } from './locale'
+import { resources } from './resources'
+
+const initialLocale = readStoredLocale()
+
+syncDocumentLocale(initialLocale)
+
+void i18n
+  .use(initReactI18next)
+  .init({
+    fallbackLng: 'zh-CN',
+    interpolation: {
+      escapeValue: false,
+    },
+    lng: initialLocale,
+    resources,
+    returnEmptyString: false,
+  })
+
+i18n.on('languageChanged', (locale) => {
+  syncDocumentLocale(locale === 'en-US' ? 'en-US' : 'zh-CN')
+})
+
+export default i18n
--- a/frontend/src/i18n/legacy-ui.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/legacy-ui.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+export const legacyUiTextEnUS: Record<string, string> = {
+  '3D 模型': '3D models',
+  'AI 生成教程': 'AI-generated guide',
+  'AI 分区': 'AI sections',
+  'AI 配置详情': 'AI configuration details',
+  'AI 集成': 'AI integrations',
+  'AI 简报': 'AI brief',
+  'BGP 事故': 'BGP incident',
+  'BGP 事件与简报': 'BGP events and briefs',
+  'BGP 告警列表': 'BGP alert list',
+  'BGP 告警详情': 'BGP alert details',
+  'BGP 异常': 'BGP anomaly',
+  'BGP 概览': 'BGP overview',
+  'BGP 简报': 'BGP brief',
+  'BGP 详情': 'BGP details',
+  'BGP 观测': 'BGP Observatory',
+  'BGP 告警': 'BGP alert',
+  'BGP观测': 'BGP Observatory',
+  'Feed 信息页': 'Feed info page',
+  'Feed 地址': 'Feed URL',
+  'Feed 子项': 'Feed entries',
+  'Feed 标签': 'Feed tags',
+  'Feed 类型': 'Feed type',
+  'Feed 名称': 'Feed name',
+  'Feed ID': 'Feed ID',
+  'Gatekeeper 权限组': 'Gatekeeper groups',
+  'RSS 来源': 'RSS source',
+  'RSS 来源只读，新闻由抓取与增强链路维护。': 'RSS sources are read-only. News is maintained by the collection and enrichment pipeline.',
+  'RSS 订阅中心或 Feed 聚合页，只用于人工查看，不参与抓取。': 'RSS directory or feed aggregation page for manual review only. It is not fetched.',
+  'SMTP 邮件': 'SMTP email',
+  'System Prompt': 'System prompt',
+  'Time Capsule': 'Time Capsule',
+  'Web Search 预设': 'Web Search presets',
+  '不可用': 'Unavailable',
+  '事故': 'Incident',
+  '交互正常': 'Interactive',
+  '个来源': 'sources',
+  '个聚合项': 'aggregations',
+  '任务提示词': 'Task prompt',
+  '仪表盘': 'Dashboard',
+  '任务': 'Task',
+  '任务 ID': 'Task ID',
+  '任务已取消': 'Task cancelled',
+  '任务状态': 'Task status',
+  '今日任务': 'Tasks today',
+  '供应商': 'Provider',
+  '供应商状态': 'Provider status',
+  '供应商配置': 'Provider configuration',
+  '保存': 'Save',
+  '保存并重试': 'Save and retry',
+  '保存后会进入清洗、翻译、分类和定位队列。': 'After saving, the item enters the cleaning, translation, classification, and geocoding queue.',
+  '保存后才会固化到新闻源配置。': 'Changes are persisted to the news source configuration only after saving.',
+  '保存新闻': 'Save news item',
+  '修改邮箱': 'Change email',
+  '停止': 'Stop',
+  '停止采集': 'Stop collection',
+  '停止生成': 'Stop generation',
+  '停用': 'Disabled',
+  '关闭': 'Close',
+  '关于': 'About',
+  '关于配置': 'About configuration',
+  '内置源': 'Built-in sources',
+  '全部区域': 'All regions',
+  '全部国家/地区': 'All countries / regions',
+  '全部层级': 'All levels',
+  '全部级别': 'All levels',
+  '全部产品域': 'All product domains',
+  '全部执行状态': 'All execution statuses',
+  '全部数据源': 'All datasources',
+  '全部数据状态': 'All data statuses',
+  '全部源属性': 'All source attributes',
+  '全部状态': 'All statuses',
+  '全部类型': 'All types',
+  '其他': 'Other',
+  '刷新': 'Refresh',
+  '刷新当前 Provider 的模型配置': 'Refresh current provider model configuration',
+  '刷新模型': 'Refresh models',
+  '刷新模型列表': 'Refresh model list',
+  '刷新线程': 'Refresh thread',
+  '分类': 'Category',
+  '删除 Feed 子项': 'Delete feed entry',
+  '删除': 'Delete',
+  '删除失败': 'Delete failed',
+  '删除完成': 'Deletion complete',
+  '删除成功': 'Deleted',
+  '删除已取消': 'Deletion cancelled',
+  '删除新闻': 'Delete news item',
+  '删除新闻源': 'Delete news source',
+  '删除中': 'Deleting',
+  '删除直播源': 'Delete stream source',
+  '删除品牌配置': 'Delete brand configuration',
+  '前往登录': 'Go to login',
+  '加载中': 'Loading',
+  '加载日志内容失败': 'Failed to load log content',
+  '加载日志源失败': 'Failed to load log sources',
+  '加载重复日志详情失败': 'Failed to load duplicate log details',
+  '加载重复日志统计失败': 'Failed to load duplicate log stats',
+  '启动采集': 'Start collection',
+  '启动实时源': 'Start realtime source',
+  '启动边界构建': 'Start boundary build',
+  '启用': 'Enabled',
+  '启用抓取': 'Enable fetching',
+  '启用映射': 'Enable mapping',
+  '启用筛选': 'Active filters',
+  '告警': 'Alert',
+  '告警记录': 'Alert records',
+  '告警统计': 'Alert stats',
+  '名称': 'Name',
+  '后台账号': 'Console account',
+  '回到首页': 'Back to overview',
+  '国界精度': 'Boundary accuracy',
+  '国家': 'Country',
+  '地址': 'Address',
+  '基础字段': 'Basic fields',
+  '基础信息': 'Basic information',
+  '城市': 'City',
+  '字段': 'Fields',
+  '安全策略': 'Security policy',
+  '完成': 'Complete',
+  '密码': 'Password',
+  '导航': 'Navigation',
+  '已加载分区': 'Loaded section',
+  '已加载分区汇总': 'Loaded section total',
+  '工具调用': 'Tool calls',
+  '已保存': 'Saved',
+  '已取消': 'Cancelled',
+  '已处理': 'Resolved',
+  '已提交': 'Submitted',
+  '已读取': 'Loaded',
+  '已启用': 'Enabled',
+  '已定位': 'Located',
+  '已配置': 'Configured',
+  '已停止': 'Stopped',
+  '已停用': 'Disabled',
+  '已就绪': 'Ready',
+  '已跳过': 'Skipped',
+  '已有新闻': 'Existing news',
+  '已有任务运行': 'Task already running',
+  '已有账号，去登录': 'Already have an account? Log in',
+  '开始日期': 'Start date',
+  '底图资源': 'Basemap assets',
+  '开启后访问智能星球会直接显示 OOBE 引导，不再要求首次采集条件，也会忽略本机“先浏览”临时跳过。': 'When enabled, Intelligent Planet opens directly into the OOBE guide, skips first-collection requirements, and ignores local temporary browse-first skips.',
+  '态势告警': 'Situational alerts',
+  '态势告警列表': 'Situational alert list',
+  '态势详情': 'Situational details',
+  '态势统计': 'Situational stats',
+  '快速访问地球可视化页面': 'Quickly open the Earth visualization page',
+  '恢复当前表单': 'Restore current form',
+  '恢复默认关于信息': 'Restore default about information',
+  '恢复默认配置': 'Restore defaults',
+  '恢复超时，请手动检查服务状态。': 'Recovery timed out. Please check service status manually.',
+  '成功': 'Success',
+  '成功率': 'Success rate',
+  '手动新闻组': 'Manual news group',
+  '手动新闻': 'Manual news',
+  '打开智能星球内容': 'Open Intelligent Planet content',
+  '打开智能星球': 'Open Intelligent Planet',
+  '处理告警': 'Resolve alert',
+  '播放与扩展': 'Playback and extensions',
+  '接入在线': 'Endpoints online',
+  '接口在线': 'Endpoints online',
+  '接口失败': 'Endpoint failed',
+  '接口请求失败': 'Endpoint request failed',
+  '提示': 'Info',
+  '控制台不混入其他配置或假数据。': 'The console does not mix in unrelated configuration or mock data.',
+  '控制台发生错误，请刷新页面重试。': 'The console encountered an error. Please refresh and try again.',
+  '控制台渲染错误': 'Console render error',
+  '拖动调整数据概览宽度': 'Drag to resize data overview',
+  '提交': 'Submit',
+  '提交失败': 'Submission failed',
+  '提交重启任务失败': 'Failed to submit restart task',
+  '提示词': 'Prompts',
+  '搜索日志正文': 'Search log text',
+  '搜索名称、描述、元数据等': 'Search name, description, metadata, and more',
+  '搜索': 'Search',
+  '搜索供应商': 'Search provider',
+  '搜索深度': 'Search depth',
+  '搜索用户、邮箱、角色': 'Search users, email, or role',
+  '数据源': 'Datasources',
+  '数据源列表': 'Datasource list',
+  '数据源详情': 'Datasource details',
+  '数据源总数': 'Total datasources',
+  '数据源状态': 'Datasource status',
+  '数据概览': 'Data overview',
+  '数据列表': 'Data list',
+  '数据类型': 'Data type',
+  '数据集': 'Dataset',
+  '数据状态': 'Data status',
+  '采集数据': 'Collected data',
+  '采集配置列表': 'Collection configuration list',
+  '采集器': 'Collectors',
+  '采集器详情': 'Collector details',
+  '采集器配置': 'Collector configuration',
+  '采集快照': 'Collection snapshot',
+  '采集历史 / 快照': 'Collection history / snapshots',
+  '采集时间': 'Collected at',
+  '采集已取消': 'Collection cancelled',
+  '采集失败': 'Collection failed',
+  '采集完成': 'Collection complete',
+  '采集中': 'Collecting',
+  '采集管理': 'Collection Management',
+  '采集调度': 'Collection schedule',
+  '采样': 'Sample',
+  '采样数据': 'Sample data',
+  '重新处理': 'Reprocess',
+  '重新处理新闻': 'Reprocess news item',
+  '新增 Feed 子项': 'Add feed entry',
+  '新增新闻': 'Add news item',
+  '新建': 'Create',
+  '新增新闻源': 'Add news source',
+  '新增新闻组': 'Add news group',
+  '新增采集器配置': 'Add collector configuration',
+  '新增 Schema 映射': 'Add schema mapping',
+  '新增直播源': 'Add stream source',
+  '新闻内容': 'News content',
+  '新闻条目': 'News items',
+  '新闻源': 'News sources',
+  '新闻源 ID 不能为空。': 'News source ID is required.',
+  '新闻源名称不能为空。': 'News source name is required.',
+  '新闻源配置': 'News source configuration',
+  '新闻源详情': 'News source details',
+  '新闻源测试失败': 'News source test failed',
+  '新闻组': 'News group',
+  '新闻类型': 'News category',
+  '新闻直播源': 'News stream source',
+  '无权访问': 'Permission required',
+  '无权限': 'No permission',
+  '无效': 'Invalid',
+  '暂无 Feed 子项': 'No feed entries',
+  '暂无会话': 'No conversation',
+  '暂无分组': 'No groups',
+  '暂无快照': 'No snapshots',
+  '暂无数据': 'No data',
+  '暂无新闻': 'No news items',
+  '暂无发生明细': 'No occurrences',
+  '暂无日志': 'No logs',
+  '暂无日志内容': 'No log content',
+  '暂无重复日志': 'No duplicate logs',
+  '暂无上报': 'No reports',
+  '暂无摘要': 'No summary',
+  '日志': 'Logs',
+  '日志源': 'Log sources',
+  '日志源不可用': 'Log source unavailable',
+  '日志详情': 'Log details',
+  '日志视图': 'Log views',
+  '日志跟随连接失败，可暂停后使用手动刷新。': 'Log follow connection failed. Pause it and refresh manually.',
+  '日志已复制': 'Logs copied',
+  '明细': 'Details',
+  '是否启用': 'Enabled',
+  '实时同步中': 'Syncing live',
+  '实时连接': 'Live connection',
+  '旧密码': 'Old password',
+  '映射模板': 'Mapping templates',
+  '映射预览': 'Mapping preview',
+  '显示名称': 'Display name',
+  '显示 LLM API Key / Service Token': 'Show LLM API Key / Service Token',
+  '显示': 'Display',
+  '智能星球': 'Intelligent Planet',
+  '智能星球内容配置': 'Intelligent Planet content configuration',
+  '智能星球配置详情': 'Intelligent Planet configuration details',
+  '智能星球内容': 'Planet Content',
+  '未知': 'Unknown',
+  '未配置': 'Not configured',
+  '未启用': 'Not enabled',
+  '未测试': 'Untested',
+  '未选择记录': 'No record selected',
+  '查看日志': 'View logs',
+  '最近': 'Latest',
+  '最后更新:': 'Last updated:',
+  '最大 Token': 'Max tokens',
+  '最大并发任务数': 'Max concurrent tasks',
+  '最大登录尝试次数': 'Max login attempts',
+  '最大结果数': 'Max results',
+  '最大文件(MB)': 'Max file size (MB)',
+  '标签': 'Tags',
+  '标题': 'Title',
+  '模型': 'Model',
+  '模型供应商': 'Model providers',
+  '模型预设': 'Model presets',
+  '清理数据库数据': 'Clear database data',
+  '清理智能星球图层缓存': 'Clear planet layer cache',
+  '清理缓存': 'Clear cache',
+  '测试 Web Search 连通性': 'Test Web Search connectivity',
+  '测试 AI Provider 连通性': 'Test AI Provider connectivity',
+  '测试当前 Feed': 'Test current feed',
+  '测试当前新闻源': 'Test current news source',
+  '测试收件人': 'Test recipient',
+  '测试 SMTP': 'Test SMTP',
+  '状态': 'Status',
+  '活跃数据源': 'Active datasources',
+  '海底光缆': 'Submarine cable',
+  '海缆': 'Cable',
+  '海缆登陆关系': 'Cable landing relation',
+  '海缆系统': 'Cable system',
+  '后端已停止响应，正在等待服务恢复。': 'Backend stopped responding. Waiting for service recovery.',
+  '源 ID': 'Source ID',
+  '源名称': 'Source name',
+  '源属性标签': 'Source attribute tags',
+  '源类型': 'Source type',
+  '源配置': 'Source configuration',
+  '源属性': 'Source attributes',
+  '源详情': 'Source details',
+  '源健康': 'Source health',
+  '区域': 'Region',
+  '按数据源': 'By datasource',
+  '按类型': 'By type',
+  '排序': 'Sort order',
+  '单条添加': 'Add one item',
+  '单源配置': 'Single-source configuration',
+  '上传': 'Upload',
+  '上传 JSON': 'Upload JSON',
+  '用户管理': 'User Management',
+  '电商': 'E-commerce',
+  '电视直播': 'TV streams',
+  '直播源': 'Stream sources',
+  '直播源详情': 'Stream source details',
+  '目标 Schema': 'Target schema',
+  '直达': 'Open',
+  '确认': 'Confirm',
+  '确认删除': 'Confirm deletion',
+  '确认告警': 'Confirm alert',
+  '确认操作': 'Confirm action',
+  '禁用': 'Disabled',
+  '空': 'Empty',
+  '空闲': 'Idle',
+  '等待中': 'Pending',
+  '简报': 'Brief',
+  '结果': 'Results',
+  '系统告警列表': 'System alert list',
+  '系统告警': 'System Alerts',
+  '系统日志': 'System Logs',
+  '系统显示': 'System display',
+  '系统设置': 'System Settings',
+  '系统总览与实时态势': 'System overview and realtime status',
+  '设置': 'Settings',
+  '设置详情': 'Settings details',
+  '设置分区': 'Settings sections',
+  '记录数': 'Records',
+  '计算中心': 'Compute center',
+  '选择 JSON 文件': 'Select JSON file',
+  '选择一条记录': 'Select a record',
+  '选择一组重复日志': 'Select a duplicate log group',
+  '选择左侧父级后编辑它的子配置。': 'Select a parent item on the left to edit its child configuration.',
+  '选择日志源后读取快照。': 'Select a log source to read its snapshot.',
+  '选择新闻直播源': 'Select news stream source',
+  '纬度': 'Latitude',
+  '经度': 'Longitude',
+  '统计': 'Stats',
+  '组内可按条添加，也可以上传 JSON 数组批量导入。': 'You can add items one by one or upload a JSON array for bulk import.',
+  '编辑': 'Edit',
+  '编辑新闻': 'Edit news',
+  '缺失': 'Missing',
+  '免费': 'Free',
+  '网络': 'Network',
+  '自定义': 'Custom',
+  '自定义源': 'Custom sources',
+  '自治系统统计': 'Autonomous system stats',
+  '自动回退': 'Auto fallback',
+  '英文标题': 'English title',
+  '英文摘要': 'English summary',
+  '英文正文': 'English content',
+  '英文分类': 'English category',
+  '草稿': 'Draft',
+  '警告': 'Warning',
+  '设备统计': 'Device stats',
+  '触发全部': 'Trigger all',
+  '触发采集': 'Trigger collection',
+  '访问智能星球': 'Open Intelligent Planet',
+  '访问官网': 'Open website',
+  '详 情': 'Details',
+  '详情': 'Details',
+  '详情/统计': 'Details / stats',
+  '详情会在右侧完整显示，不会挤压主表区域。': 'Details appear in the right pane without compressing the main table.',
+  '调试': 'Debug',
+  '请稍后重试': 'Please try again later',
+  '连接失败': 'Connection failed',
+  '连接中': 'Connecting',
+  '连接测试': 'Connection test',
+  '连通性': 'Connectivity',
+  '连通正常': 'Connectivity normal',
+  '连通性失败': 'Connectivity failed',
+  '运行': 'Run',
+  '运行中': 'Running',
+  '运行状态': 'Runtime status',
+  '运维与配置': 'Operations and Settings',
+  '过滤': 'Filters',
+  '跟随中': 'Following',
+  '跟随日志': 'Follow logs',
+  '输入': 'Input',
+  '返回上一级详情': 'Back to parent details',
+  '返回列表': 'Back to list',
+  '通知策略': 'Notification policy',
+  '配置错误': 'Configuration error',
+  '配置源': 'Configuration source',
+  '重要度与健康策略': 'Importance and health policy',
+  '重启': 'Restart',
+  '重启 AI Provider': 'Restart AI Provider',
+  '重启后端': 'Restart backend',
+  '重启服务': 'Restart service',
+  '重启前端': 'Restart frontend',
+  '重启数据库': 'Restart database',
+  '重启动作': 'Restart action',
+  '重启任务失败': 'Restart task failed',
+  '重复日志详情': 'Duplicate log details',
+  '重复日志统计': 'Duplicate log stats',
+  '重复统计': 'Duplicate stats',
+  '重启实时源': 'Restart realtime source',
+  '重置': 'Reset',
+  '重置 Prompt': 'Reset prompt',
+  '重置为默认内容': 'Reset to default content',
+  '重置为默认教程': 'Reset to default guide',
+  '重置品牌配置': 'Reset brand configuration',
+  '重试': 'Retry',
+  '重试次数': 'Retries',
+  '错误': 'Error',
+  '覆盖类型': 'Covered types',
+  '覆盖数据源': 'Covered datasources',
+  '执行命令': 'Command',
+  '暂停日志跟随': 'Pause log follow',
+  '隐藏 LLM API Key / Service Token': 'Hide LLM API Key / Service Token',
+  '隐藏': 'Hide',
+  '首页地址': 'Homepage URL',
+  '主页地址': 'Homepage URL',
+  '默认新闻类型': 'Default news category',
+  '默认': 'Default',
+  '默认教程': 'Default guide',
+  '默认模型': 'Default model',
+  '默认频道': 'Default channel',
+  '高亮命中': 'Highlighted match',
+  'AIS 船舶': 'AIS vessels',
+  'BGP 更新': 'BGP updates',
+  'BGP 路由': 'BGP route',
+  'BGP 路由表': 'BGP RIB',
+  'BGP 事件': 'BGP event',
+  'Docker 不可用': 'Docker unavailable',
+  'GPU 集群': 'GPU clusters',
+  'HTTP 失败': 'HTTP failed',
+  '当前分区没有可用后端能力，控制台不混入其他配置或假数据。': 'This section has no backend capability yet; the console does not mix in unrelated configuration or fake data.',
+  '当前分区没有可配置项。': 'This section has no configurable items.',
+  '当前模块暂无数据': 'No data in this module',
+  '当前已是默认': 'Already default',
+  '当前已是默认频道': 'Already the default channel',
+  '当前采集源没有可查看的历史版本。': 'This collection source has no historical versions.',
+  '待定位': 'Pending location',
+  '后端能力未提供': 'Backend capability unavailable',
+  '只展示智能星球品牌、边界构建和电视内容配置。': 'Only Intelligent Planet branding, boundary build, and TV content configuration are shown.',
+  '只展示数据源相关接口，不混入其他设置对象。': 'Only datasource-related endpoints are shown; unrelated settings are not mixed in.',
+  '只展示系统设置分区；AI 集成和采集器调度分别在对应模块管理。': 'Only system settings sections are shown. AI integrations and collector schedules are managed in their own modules.',
+  '只展示 BGP 事故、异常与简报。': 'Only BGP incidents, anomalies, and briefs are shown.',
+  '只记录官网、报告页或未来采集器线索，不参与 RSS/Atom 抓取；如需抓取，请改为 RSS、Atom 或 Aggregated。': 'Records official sites, reports, or future collector leads only. It does not participate in RSS/Atom fetching. Use RSS, Atom, or Aggregated to fetch.',
+  '只编辑当前新闻源；保存后才会固化到新闻源配置。': 'Only edits the current news source. Save to persist it into the news source configuration.',
+  '只重启 AI Provider 适配服务，前端页面通常保持在线。': 'Restart only the AI Provider adapter. The frontend usually stays online.',
+  '只重启后端服务，页面通常会短暂失联后自动恢复。': 'Restart only the backend service. The page may briefly disconnect and recover automatically.',
+  '只重启前端开发服务，页面会短暂不可用，恢复后自动刷新。': 'Restart only the frontend dev service. The page will be briefly unavailable and refresh after recovery.',
+  '失败时页面仍可操作': 'Page remains usable when requests fail',
+  '打开': 'Open',
+  '描述来源属性，不是媒体来源名；多个标签用逗号分隔，例如 business_news, ecommerce, china。': 'Describe source attributes, not media source names. Separate multiple tags with commas, for example business_news, ecommerce, china.',
+  '浏览采集结果、筛选数据源和查看原始元数据。': 'Browse collected results, filter datasources, and inspect raw metadata.',
+  '管理采集器、采集调度和采集历史 / 快照。': 'Manage collectors, collection schedules, and collection history / snapshots.',
+  '管理智能星球品牌、边界、电视内容和内容资产。': 'Manage Intelligent Planet branding, boundaries, TV content, and content assets.',
+  '管理模型供应商、工具调用、提示词和 Playground。': 'Manage model providers, tool calls, prompts, and Playground.',
+  '管理系统显示、通知策略、安全策略和 SMTP 邮件。': 'Manage system display, notification policy, security policy, and SMTP email.',
+  '统一查看内置源、自定义源、实时源与任务状态，保留触发、启停和连接状态入口。': 'View built-in, custom, and realtime sources plus task status in one place, with trigger, start/stop, and connectivity entries.',
+  '严重告警': 'Critical alerts',
+  '查看日志源、读取快照、复制原始输出，按控制台阅读方式组织。': 'View log sources, read snapshots, and copy raw output in a console-friendly layout.',
+  '查看日志源、按级别/日期/搜索条件读取快照，并复制原始输出。': 'View log sources, read snapshots by level, date, and search filters, then copy raw output.',
+  '显示系统告警记录和统计，不混入 BGP 概览以外的数据。': 'Shows system alert records and stats without mixing in data outside the BGP overview.',
+  '显示态势统计与告警记录。': 'Shows situational stats and alert records.',
+  '查看态势统计、严重度、AI 简报入口和处理状态。': 'View situational stats, severity, AI brief entry points, and handling status.',
+  '系统告警、确认处理、AI 摘要和处置状态集中到一张低噪声列表。': 'System alerts, acknowledgements, AI summaries, and resolution status are collected into one low-noise list.',
+  '聚合 BGP 事故、异常和 AI 简报，突出严重度、影响范围和事件链路。': 'Aggregates BGP incidents, anomalies, and AI briefs, highlighting severity, affected scope, and event chains.',
+  '查看采集器、事故、异常、事件与 AI 简报；这是信息观测页，采用列表加详情。': 'View collectors, incidents, anomalies, events, and AI briefs in an information page with list plus detail.',
+  '按 BGP 实体聚合展示，保留事件、异常、事故和简报语义。': 'Aggregates by BGP entity while preserving event, anomaly, incident, and brief semantics.',
+  '配置类页面采用分层结构：先选父级，再编辑子配置。': 'Configuration pages use a hierarchy: select a parent first, then edit child configuration.',
+  '仅展示系统设置分区；AI 集成和采集器调度分别在对应模块管理。': 'Only system setting sections are shown; AI integrations and collector schedules are managed in their own modules.',
+  '仅展示数据源相关接口，不混入其他设置对象。': 'Only datasource endpoints are shown; unrelated settings objects are not mixed in.',
+  '仅展示智能星球品牌、边界构建和电视内容配置。': 'Only Intelligent Planet branding, boundary builds, and TV content configuration are shown.',
+  '读取快照': 'Read snapshot',
+  '输入要发送给 AI 的内容': 'Enter content to send to AI',
+  '发送': 'Send',
+  '会话': 'Conversation',
+  '会话写入后端，刷新后保留线程状态。': 'Conversation state is stored in the backend and persists after refresh.',
+  'Playground 设置': 'Playground settings',
+  '预设': 'Preset',
+  '目标': 'Objective',
+  '约束': 'Constraints',
+  '描述': 'Description',
+  '优先级': 'Priority',
+  '边界状态': 'Boundary status',
+  '边界构建': 'Boundary build',
+  '边界构建任务': 'Boundary build task',
+  '品牌': 'Brand',
+  '品牌标识': 'Branding',
+  '品牌配置': 'Brand configuration',
+  '异常接口': 'Failing endpoints',
+  '图层资源': 'Layer resources',
+  '采集源': 'Collected sources',
+  '实时源': 'Realtime sources',
+  '重复日志': 'Duplicate logs',
+  '原始日志': 'Raw logs',
+  '审计事件': 'Audit events',
+  '审计日志': 'Audit logs',
+  '审计来源': 'Audit sources',
+  '原始ID': 'Raw ID',
+  '原始元数据': 'Raw metadata',
+  '扩展字段': 'Extended fields',
+  '参考日期': 'Reference date',
+  '快捷入口': 'Quick links',
+  '行': 'lines',
+  '次': 'times',
+  '首次': 'First',
+  '指纹': 'Fingerprint',
+  '离线': 'Offline',
+  '等待创建': 'Waiting to create',
+  '等待操作': 'Waiting for action',
+  '将重启服务。': 'The service will restart.',
+  '完全重启': 'Full restart',
+  '重启 PostgreSQL 和 Redis 容器，前端页面保持在线。': 'Restart the PostgreSQL and Redis containers while the frontend stays online.',
+  '重启前后端和相关服务，页面会短暂不可用，恢复后自动刷新。': 'Restart frontend, backend, and related services. The page will be briefly unavailable and refresh after recovery.',
+  '已发送重启指令，正在等待服务进入重启流程。': 'Restart command sent. Waiting for services to enter the restart flow.',
+  '服务已恢复，正在刷新页面。': 'Service recovered. Refreshing the page.',
+  '前端已恢复，正在刷新页面。': 'Frontend recovered. Refreshing the page.',
+  '前端正在重启，正在等待页面入口恢复访问。': 'Frontend is restarting. Waiting for the page entry to recover.',
+  '获取数据失败': 'Failed to load data',
+  '最后更新': 'Last updated',
+  '总记录': 'Total records',
+  '筛选结果': 'Filtered results',
+  '清空': 'Clear',
+  '导出失败': 'Export failed',
+  '导出 JSON': 'Export JSON',
+  '导出 CSV': 'Export CSV',
+  '数据详情': 'Data details',
+  '按级别/日期/搜索条件读取快照': 'Read snapshots by level, date, and search filters',
+  '点击左侧聚合项查看每次发生时间。': 'Click an aggregation on the left to view each occurrence time.',
+  '管理员敏感操作和安全审计记录。': 'Sensitive admin operations and security audit records.',
+  '当前账号没有系统日志访问权限。': 'This account does not have system log access.',
+  '仅超级管理员可查看系统日志。': 'Only super admins can view system logs.',
+  '左侧展示按 fingerprint 聚合后的运行时错误。': 'The left side shows runtime errors grouped by fingerprint.',
+  '调整筛选条件或刷新日志源。': 'Adjust filters or refresh log sources.',
+  '复制日志': 'Copy logs',
+  '刷新日志': 'Refresh logs',
+  '刷新日志源': 'Refresh log sources',
+  '结束日期': 'End date',
+  '信息': 'Info',
+  '可用': 'Available',
+  '可读取': 'Readable',
+  '可编辑': 'Editable',
+  '只读': 'Read-only',
+  '暂无日志源': 'No log sources',
+  '登陆点': 'Landing point',
+  '算力中心': 'Compute center',
+  '互联网交换点': 'Internet exchange point',
+  '前缀地理位置': 'Prefix geography',
+  '卫星轨道根数': 'Satellite TLE',
+  '空间': 'Space',
+  '超算': 'Supercomputer',
+  '通用数据': 'Generic data',
+  '通用记录': 'Generic records',
+  '船舶': 'Vessel',
+  '设施': 'Facility',
+  '流量统计': 'Traffic stats',
+  '条': 'items',
+  '项': 'items',
+  '条结果': 'results',
+  '筛选': 'Filters',
+  '共': 'Total',
+  '智能星球计划': 'Intelligent Planet Plan',
+  '智能星球计划品牌标识': 'Intelligent Planet Plan branding',
+  '现实层宇宙全息感知系统': 'Reality-layer holographic awareness system',
+  '卫星 · 海底光缆 · 算力基础设施': 'Satellites · Submarine cables · Computing infrastructure',
+  '选择/拖入资产': 'Select / drop asset',
+  '元数据 / 原始字段': 'Metadata / raw fields',
+  '全部启用状态': 'All enabled states',
+  '失败': 'Failed',
+  '未执行': 'Not run',
+  '已采集': 'Collected',
+  '未采集': 'Not collected',
+  '当前分区暂无记录': 'No records in this section',
+  '切换上方分区可精准查看不同配置和接口。': 'Switch sections above to inspect different configurations and endpoints.',
+  '详情会在右侧完整滚动显示，不会挤压主表区域。': 'Details scroll fully on the right without compressing the main table.',
+  '连接、采样、运行和凭证配置': 'Connection, sampling, runtime, and credential configuration',
+  '采样 payload 到目标 Schema 的字段映射': 'Field mapping from sample payload to target schema',
+  '采集数据落库目标结构': 'Target schema for persisted collected data',
+  '标识': 'Identifier',
+  '更新时间': 'Updated at',
+  '卫星': 'Satellite',
+  '算力': 'Compute',
+  '媒体': 'Media',
+}
--- a/frontend/src/i18n/locale.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/locale.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import { useCallback } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+
+export type SupportedLocale = 'zh-CN' | 'en-US'
+export type DocsLang = 'zh' | 'en'
+
+export const defaultLocale: SupportedLocale = 'zh-CN'
+export const localeStorageKey = 'planet-locale'
+const legacyDocsLangStorageKey = 'docs-lang'
+
+export const localeOptions: Array<{ value: SupportedLocale; labelKey: string; titleKey: string }> = [
+  { value: 'zh-CN', labelKey: 'common.zh', titleKey: 'common.zh' },
+  { value: 'en-US', labelKey: 'common.en', titleKey: 'common.en' },
+]
+
+export function normalizeLocale(value: string | null | undefined): SupportedLocale {
+  if (!value) return defaultLocale
+  const normalized = value.toLowerCase()
+  if (normalized === 'en' || normalized === 'en-us' || normalized.startsWith('en-')) return 'en-US'
+  if (normalized === 'zh' || normalized === 'zh-cn' || normalized.startsWith('zh-')) return 'zh-CN'
+  return defaultLocale
+}
+
+export function docsLangFromLocale(locale: SupportedLocale): DocsLang {
+  return locale === 'en-US' ? 'en' : 'zh'
+}
+
+export function localeFromDocsLang(lang: DocsLang): SupportedLocale {
+  return lang === 'en' ? 'en-US' : 'zh-CN'
+}
+
+export function readStoredLocale(): SupportedLocale {
+  if (typeof window === 'undefined') return defaultLocale
+  const storedLocale = window.localStorage.getItem(localeStorageKey)
+  if (storedLocale) return normalizeLocale(storedLocale)
+
+  const legacyDocsLang = window.localStorage.getItem(legacyDocsLangStorageKey)
+  if (legacyDocsLang === 'en' || legacyDocsLang === 'zh') {
+    return localeFromDocsLang(legacyDocsLang)
+  }
+
+  return defaultLocale
+}
+
+export function persistLocale(locale: SupportedLocale) {
+  if (typeof window === 'undefined') return
+  window.localStorage.setItem(localeStorageKey, locale)
+  window.localStorage.setItem(legacyDocsLangStorageKey, docsLangFromLocale(locale))
+}
+
+export function syncDocumentLocale(locale: SupportedLocale) {
+  if (typeof document === 'undefined') return
+  document.documentElement.lang = locale
+}
+
+export function useLocale() {
+  const { i18n } = useTranslation()
+  const locale = normalizeLocale(i18n.resolvedLanguage || i18n.language)
+  const docsLang = docsLangFromLocale(locale)
+
+  const setLocale = useCallback((nextLocale: SupportedLocale) => {
+    persistLocale(nextLocale)
+    syncDocumentLocale(nextLocale)
+    void i18n.changeLanguage(nextLocale)
+  }, [i18n])
+
+  return { docsLang, locale, setLocale }
+}
--- a/frontend/src/i18n/resources.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/resources.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+export const zhCN = {
+  app: {
+    title: '智能星球计划',
+    routeLoading: '正在加载',
+  },
+  common: {
+    cancel: '取消',
+    close: '关闭',
+    confirm: '确认',
+    delete: '删除',
+    language: '语言',
+    loading: '加载中',
+    noData: '暂无数据',
+    operationFailed: '操作失败',
+    page: '第 {{page}} / {{totalPages}} 页，共 {{total}} 条',
+    previousPage: '上一页',
+    nextPage: '下一页',
+    selectRow: '选择行',
+    selectVisibleRows: '选择当前可见数据',
+    theme: '主题',
+    themeLight: '浅色',
+    themeDark: '深色',
+    themeSystem: '系统',
+    themeFollowSystem: '跟随系统',
+    zh: '中文',
+    en: 'EN',
+  },
+  admin: {
+    brandTitle: '智能星球',
+    brandSubtitle: '控制台',
+    collapseMenu: '折叠菜单',
+    expandMenu: '展开菜单',
+    openNav: '打开导航',
+    closeNav: '关闭导航',
+    logout: '退出登录',
+    greeting: '您好，{{name}}',
+    version: '版本号',
+    themeControl: '控制台主题',
+    languageControl: '控制台语言',
+    expandPreferences: '展开偏好设置',
+    collapsePreferences: '收起偏好设置',
+    search: {
+      label: '搜索功能、配置和文字',
+      placeholder: '搜索功能、配置和文字',
+      current: '当前：{{label}}',
+      results: 'Admin 搜索结果',
+      loading: '正在加载搜索索引…',
+      empty: '没有找到匹配内容',
+      pageContext: '页面',
+    },
+    groups: {
+      overview: '总览',
+      collection: '采集与数据',
+      observability: '专题观测',
+      alerts: '告警与研判',
+      ops: '运维与配置',
+    },
+    routes: {
+      dashboard: '仪表盘',
+      earth: '智能星球',
+      docs: '文档',
+      datasources: '数据源',
+      data: '采集数据',
+      bgp: 'BGP观测',
+      systemAlerts: '系统告警',
+      bgpAlerts: 'BGP 告警',
+      situationalAlerts: '态势告警',
+      ai: 'AI',
+      earthContent: '智能星球内容',
+      collectionManagement: '采集管理',
+      logs: '系统日志',
+      users: '用户管理',
+      settings: '系统设置',
+    },
+    sections: {
+      alerts: '告警记录',
+      aiIntegrations: '模型供应商',
+      aiTools: '工具调用',
+      aiPrompts: '提示词',
+      aiPlayground: 'Playground',
+      bgpOverview: 'BGP',
+      collectionHistory: '采集历史 / 快照',
+      collectorCredentials: '采集器',
+      collectors: '采集调度',
+      earthAssets: '国界精度',
+      earthBrand: '品牌标识',
+      logsSources: '日志源',
+      newsSources: '新闻源',
+      notifications: '通知策略',
+      security: '安全策略',
+      settingsSystem: '系统显示',
+      smtp: 'SMTP 邮件',
+      tv: '电视直播',
+    },
+  },
+  auth: {
+    accountRecovery: '账号恢复',
+    alreadyHaveAccount: '已有账号，去登录',
+    backToLogin: '返回登录',
+    code: '验证码',
+    codeSent: '验证码已发送至 <strong>{{email}}</strong>，10 分钟内有效。',
+    createAccount: '创建账号',
+    email: '邮箱',
+    emailVerification: '邮箱验证',
+    emailNotVerified: '邮箱未验证，请先完成邮箱验证。',
+    forgotPassword: '忘记密码？',
+    forgotPasswordDescription: '通过邮箱验证码重置后台账号密码。',
+    forgotPasswordTitle: '找回密码',
+    loginButton: '登录',
+    loginDescription: '使用你的后台账号进入运维工作台。',
+    loginFailed: '登录失败，请检查账号或密码。',
+    loginSuccess: '登录成功，正在进入控制台。',
+    loginTitle: '登录 Planet 控制台',
+    newPassword: '新密码',
+    password: '密码',
+    passwordHint: '至少 8 位',
+    passwordResetSuccess: '密码已重置，请用新密码登录。',
+    recoveryCodeSent: '若该邮箱已注册，验证码已发送。请到邮箱查收。',
+    register: '注册',
+    registerAccount: '注册账户',
+    registerDescription: '创建账号后需要完成邮箱验证，验证成功会自动进入控制台。',
+    resend: '重新发送验证码',
+    resendCountdown: '重发 ({{seconds}}s)',
+    resendSuccess: '验证码已重发。',
+    resetPassword: '重置密码',
+    sendCode: '发送验证码',
+    updateEmail: '修改邮箱',
+    username: '用户名',
+    usernameHint: '3-50 个字符',
+    verificationSent: '验证码已发送到邮箱。',
+    verifyAndLogin: '验证并登录',
+    verifyEmail: '验证邮箱',
+    verifyEmailDescription: '输入邮箱验证码后会自动登录并进入控制台。',
+    welcomeBack: '欢迎回来',
+    shell: {
+      product: 'Planet',
+      subtitle: 'Operations Console',
+      kicker: '现代控制台',
+      title: '把数据、告警、AI 和 Earth 运维放在同一个清爽工作台。',
+      description: '控制台默认进入现代化工作流，登录后直接使用 `/admin` 即可。',
+    },
+  },
+  docs: {
+    brandTitle: '智能星球文档',
+    brandSubtitle: '开发者和用户手册',
+    documentUnavailable: '文档不可用',
+    docs: '文档',
+    footerLanguage: 'Language',
+    footerTheme: 'Theme',
+    loading: '加载中...',
+    loginRequired: '需要登录',
+    loginRequiredDescription: '这份文档需要登录并具备对应 Gatekeeper 权限组后才能阅读。',
+    goToLogin: '前往登录',
+    forbidden: '无权访问',
+    forbiddenDescription: '当前账号没有阅读这份文档所需的 Gatekeeper 权限组。',
+    notFound: '文档未找到',
+    notFoundDescription: '请求的文档不存在，或当前语言没有对应内容。',
+    returnOverview: '返回文档首页',
+    searchLabel: '搜索文档',
+    searchPlaceholder: '搜索文档...',
+    searchEmpty: '未找到匹配文档',
+    toc: '本页目录',
+    tocEmpty: '暂无章节',
+  },
+  markdown: {
+    copyCode: '复制代码',
+    copied: '已复制',
+    copiedCode: '已复制代码',
+    copyChartSource: '复制图表源码',
+    copiedChartSource: '已复制图表源码',
+    expandMermaid: '放大查看 Mermaid 图表',
+    clickToExpand: '点击放大查看',
+    closeMermaid: '关闭 Mermaid 图表查看器',
+    mermaidViewer: 'Mermaid 图表查看器',
+    mermaidRenderFailed: 'Mermaid 渲染失败',
+    viewerHint: '拖拽移动 · 滚轮缩放 · 点击空白关闭',
+  },
+  users: {
+    actions: '操作',
+    active: '活跃',
+    addUser: '添加用户',
+    clearSearch: '清空搜索',
+    confirmDelete: '确认删除',
+    confirmDeleteDescription: '确定要删除用户 {{username}} 吗？',
+    createSuccess: '创建成功',
+    deleteFailed: '删除失败',
+    deleteSuccess: '删除成功',
+    description: '维护后台账号、角色与文档权限组。',
+    disabled: '禁用',
+    edit: '编辑',
+    editUser: '编辑用户',
+    gatekeeperGroups: 'Gatekeeper 权限组',
+    retryLater: '请稍后重试',
+    role: '角色',
+    searchPlaceholder: '搜索用户、邮箱、角色',
+    status: '状态',
+    submit: '提交',
+    unconfigured: '未配置',
+    updateSuccess: '更新成功',
+    roles: {
+      super_admin: '超级管理员',
+      admin: '管理员',
+      operator: '操作员',
+      viewer: '只读用户',
+    },
+    gatekeeper: {
+      docs_user: '文档：用户文档',
+      docs_developer: '文档：开发文档',
+      docs_admin: '文档：管理/运维文档',
+    },
+  },
+}
+
+export const enUS = {
+  app: {
+    title: 'Intelligent Planet Plan',
+    routeLoading: 'Loading',
+  },
+  common: {
+    cancel: 'Cancel',
+    close: 'Close',
+    confirm: 'Confirm',
+    delete: 'Delete',
+    language: 'Language',
+    loading: 'Loading',
+    noData: 'No data',
+    operationFailed: 'Operation failed',
+    page: 'Page {{page}} / {{totalPages}}, {{total}} total',
+    previousPage: 'Previous',
+    nextPage: 'Next',
+    selectRow: 'Select row',
+    selectVisibleRows: 'Select visible rows',
+    theme: 'Theme',
+    themeLight: 'Light',
+    themeDark: 'Dark',
+    themeSystem: 'System',
+    themeFollowSystem: 'Follow system',
+    zh: '中文',
+    en: 'EN',
+  },
+  admin: {
+    brandTitle: 'Intelligent Planet',
+    brandSubtitle: 'Console',
+    collapseMenu: 'Collapse menu',
+    expandMenu: 'Expand menu',
+    openNav: 'Open navigation',
+    closeNav: 'Close navigation',
+    logout: 'Log out',
+    greeting: 'Hi, {{name}}',
+    version: 'Version',
+    themeControl: 'Console theme',
+    languageControl: 'Console language',
+    expandPreferences: 'Expand preferences',
+    collapsePreferences: 'Collapse preferences',
+    search: {
+      label: 'Search features, settings, and text',
+      placeholder: 'Search features, settings, and text',
+      current: 'Current: {{label}}',
+      results: 'Admin search results',
+      loading: 'Loading search index...',
+      empty: 'No matching content',
+      pageContext: 'Page',
+    },
+    groups: {
+      overview: 'Overview',
+      collection: 'Collection and Data',
+      observability: 'Observability',
+      alerts: 'Alerts and Analysis',
+      ops: 'Operations and Settings',
+    },
+    routes: {
+      dashboard: 'Dashboard',
+      earth: 'Intelligent Planet',
+      docs: 'Docs',
+      datasources: 'Datasources',
+      data: 'Collected Data',
+      bgp: 'BGP Observatory',
+      systemAlerts: 'System Alerts',
+      bgpAlerts: 'BGP Alerts',
+      situationalAlerts: 'Situational Alerts',
+      ai: 'AI',
+      earthContent: 'Planet Content',
+      collectionManagement: 'Collection Management',
+      logs: 'System Logs',
+      users: 'User Management',
+      settings: 'System Settings',
+    },
+    sections: {
+      alerts: 'Alert Records',
+      aiIntegrations: 'Model Providers',
+      aiTools: 'Tool Calls',
+      aiPrompts: 'Prompts',
+      aiPlayground: 'Playground',
+      bgpOverview: 'BGP',
+      collectionHistory: 'Collection History / Snapshots',
+      collectorCredentials: 'Collectors',
+      collectors: 'Collection Schedule',
+      earthAssets: 'Boundary Accuracy',
+      earthBrand: 'Branding',
+      logsSources: 'Log Sources',
+      newsSources: 'News Sources',
+      notifications: 'Notification Policy',
+      security: 'Security Policy',
+      settingsSystem: 'System Display',
+      smtp: 'SMTP Email',
+      tv: 'TV Streams',
+    },
+  },
+  auth: {
+    accountRecovery: 'Account recovery',
+    alreadyHaveAccount: 'Already have an account? Log in',
+    backToLogin: 'Back to login',
+    code: 'Verification code',
+    codeSent: 'A 6-digit code was sent to <strong>{{email}}</strong>. It is valid for 10 minutes.',
+    createAccount: 'Create account',
+    email: 'Email',
+    emailVerification: 'Email verification',
+    emailNotVerified: 'Email is not verified. Please verify your email first.',
+    forgotPassword: 'Forgot password?',
+    forgotPasswordDescription: 'Reset your console password with an email verification code.',
+    forgotPasswordTitle: 'Reset password',
+    loginButton: 'Log in',
+    loginDescription: 'Use your admin account to enter the operations workspace.',
+    loginFailed: 'Login failed. Check your account or password.',
+    loginSuccess: 'Login succeeded. Opening the console.',
+    loginTitle: 'Log in to Planet Console',
+    newPassword: 'New password',
+    password: 'Password',
+    passwordHint: 'At least 8 characters',
+    passwordResetSuccess: 'Password reset. Log in with your new password.',
+    recoveryCodeSent: 'If this email is registered, a code has been sent. Please check your inbox.',
+    register: 'Register',
+    registerAccount: 'Register account',
+    registerDescription: 'Create an account, verify your email, then enter the console automatically.',
+    resend: 'Resend code',
+    resendCountdown: 'Resend ({{seconds}}s)',
+    resendSuccess: 'Verification code resent.',
+    resetPassword: 'Reset password',
+    sendCode: 'Send code',
+    updateEmail: 'Change email',
+    username: 'Username',
+    usernameHint: '3-50 characters',
+    verificationSent: 'Verification code sent to your email.',
+    verifyAndLogin: 'Verify and log in',
+    verifyEmail: 'Verify email',
+    verifyEmailDescription: 'Enter the email verification code to log in and open the console.',
+    welcomeBack: 'Welcome back',
+    shell: {
+      product: 'Planet',
+      subtitle: 'Operations Console',
+      kicker: 'Modern console',
+      title: 'Bring data, alerts, AI, and Earth operations into one focused workspace.',
+      description: 'The console opens the modern workflow by default. Use `/admin` after login.',
+    },
+  },
+  docs: {
+    brandTitle: 'Intelligent Planet Docs',
+    brandSubtitle: 'Developer & User Guide',
+    documentUnavailable: 'Document unavailable',
+    docs: 'Docs',
+    footerLanguage: 'Language',
+    footerTheme: 'Theme',
+    loading: 'Loading document...',
+    loginRequired: 'Login required',
+    loginRequiredDescription: 'This document requires login and the matching Gatekeeper permission group.',
+    goToLogin: 'Go to login',
+    forbidden: 'Permission required',
+    forbiddenDescription: 'Your account does not have the Gatekeeper permission group required for this document.',
+    notFound: 'Document not found',
+    notFoundDescription: 'The requested guide does not exist or is not available in the current language.',
+    returnOverview: 'Return to docs overview',
+    searchLabel: 'Search docs',
+    searchPlaceholder: 'Search guides, APIs, layers...',
+    searchEmpty: 'No matching docs',
+    toc: 'On this page',
+    tocEmpty: 'No sections',
+  },
+  markdown: {
+    copyCode: 'Copy code',
+    copied: 'Copied',
+    copiedCode: 'Code copied',
+    copyChartSource: 'Copy chart source',
+    copiedChartSource: 'Chart source copied',
+    expandMermaid: 'Expand Mermaid diagram',
+    clickToExpand: 'Click to expand',
+    closeMermaid: 'Close Mermaid diagram viewer',
+    mermaidViewer: 'Mermaid diagram viewer',
+    mermaidRenderFailed: 'Mermaid render failed',
+    viewerHint: 'Drag to pan · Scroll to zoom · Click blank space to close',
+  },
+  users: {
+    actions: 'Actions',
+    active: 'Active',
+    addUser: 'Add user',
+    clearSearch: 'Clear search',
+    confirmDelete: 'Confirm deletion',
+    confirmDeleteDescription: 'Delete user {{username}}?',
+    createSuccess: 'Created',
+    deleteFailed: 'Delete failed',
+    deleteSuccess: 'Deleted',
+    description: 'Maintain console accounts, roles, and Docs permission groups.',
+    disabled: 'Disabled',
+    edit: 'Edit',
+    editUser: 'Edit user',
+    gatekeeperGroups: 'Gatekeeper groups',
+    retryLater: 'Please try again later',
+    role: 'Role',
+    searchPlaceholder: 'Search users, email, or role',
+    status: 'Status',
+    submit: 'Submit',
+    unconfigured: 'Not configured',
+    updateSuccess: 'Updated',
+    roles: {
+      super_admin: 'Super admin',
+      admin: 'Admin',
+      operator: 'Operator',
+      viewer: 'Viewer',
+    },
+    gatekeeper: {
+      docs_user: 'Docs: user docs',
+      docs_developer: 'Docs: developer docs',
+      docs_admin: 'Docs: admin / ops docs',
+    },
+  },
+}
+
+export const resources = {
+  'zh-CN': { translation: zhCN },
+  'en-US': { translation: enUS },
+} as const
--- a/frontend/src/index.css
+++ b/frontend/src/index.css
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ select {
 }

 .auth-shell__panel {
+  position: relative;
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
@@ -70,6 +71,13 @@ select {
  padding: clamp(28px, 5vw, 56px);
 }

+.auth-shell__language {
+  position: absolute;
+  top: 34px;
+  right: 34px;
+  width: 118px;
+}
+
 .auth-shell__brand {
  position: absolute;
  top: 34px;
--- a/frontend/src/main.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/main.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client'
 import { BrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom'
 import App from './App'
 import { registerAdminRuntimeErrorHandlers } from './admin/runtimeLogs'
+import './i18n'
 import './index.css'

 registerAdminRuntimeErrorHandlers()
--- a/frontend/src/pages/Auth/AuthShell.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/Auth/AuthShell.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import { ArrowLeft, Loader2, Sparkles } from 'lucide-react'
 import { type FormEvent, type ReactNode } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 import { Link } from 'react-router-dom'
+import SegmentedControl from '../../components/SegmentedControl/SegmentedControl'
+import { localeOptions, useLocale, type SupportedLocale } from '../../i18n/locale'

 interface AuthShellProps {
  eyebrow: string
@@ -11,14 +14,30 @@ interface AuthShellProps {
 }

 export function AuthShell({ eyebrow, title, description, children, aside }: AuthShellProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const { locale, setLocale } = useLocale()
+  const languageOptions = localeOptions.map((option) => ({
+    value: option.value,
+    label: t(option.labelKey),
+    title: t(option.titleKey),
+  }))
+
  return (
    <main className="auth-shell">
      <section className="auth-shell__panel">
+        <SegmentedControl<SupportedLocale>
+          ariaLabel={t('common.language')}
+          className="auth-shell__language"
+          options={languageOptions}
+          scale={0.78}
+          value={locale}
+          onChange={setLocale}
+        />
        <div className="auth-shell__brand">
          <span className="auth-shell__logo"><Sparkles size={20} /></span>
          <div>
-            <strong>Planet</strong>
-            <span>Operations Console</span>
+            <strong>{t('auth.shell.product')}</strong>
+            <span>{t('auth.shell.subtitle')}</span>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div className="auth-shell__heading">
@@ -31,9 +50,9 @@ export function AuthShell({ eyebrow, title, description, children, aside }: Auth
      <aside className="auth-shell__aside">
        {aside || (
          <>
-            <span className="auth-shell__aside-kicker">现代控制台</span>
-            <h2>把数据、告警、AI 和 Earth 运维放在同一个清爽工作台。</h2>
-            <p>控制台默认进入现代化工作流，登录后直接使用 `/admin` 即可。</p>
+            <span className="auth-shell__aside-kicker">{t('auth.shell.kicker')}</span>
+            <h2>{t('auth.shell.title')}</h2>
+            <p>{t('auth.shell.description')}</p>
          </>
        )}
      </aside>
@@ -95,10 +114,12 @@ export function AuthLinks({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
 }

 export function BackToLogin() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+
  return (
    <Link className="auth-link auth-link--back" to="/login">
      <ArrowLeft size={15} />
-      返回登录
+      {t('auth.backToLogin')}
    </Link>
  )
 }
--- a/frontend/src/pages/Docs/Docs.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/Docs/Docs.tsx
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react'

+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 import { Link, useNavigate, useParams } from 'react-router-dom'
 import axios from 'axios'

 import MarkdownRenderer from '../../components/MarkdownRenderer/MarkdownRenderer'
 import Scrollbar from '../../components/Scrollbar/Scrollbar'
 import SegmentedControl from '../../components/SegmentedControl/SegmentedControl'
+import { localeFromDocsLang, useLocale } from '../../i18n/locale'
 import { useAuthStore } from '../../stores/auth'
 import {
  createHeadingIdResolver,
@@ -46,11 +48,6 @@ function getHashFromHref(href: string): string {
  return hashIndex >= 0 ? href.slice(hashIndex) : ''
 }

-function readStoredLang(): DocsLang {
-  const stored = localStorage.getItem('docs-lang')
-  return stored === 'en' ? 'en' : 'zh'
-}
-
 function readStoredThemeMode(): DocsThemeMode {
  const stored = localStorage.getItem('docs-theme')
  if (stored === 'system' || stored === 'light' || stored === 'dark') {
@@ -69,9 +66,11 @@ function getSystemTheme(): 'light' | 'dark' {
 export default function Docs() {
  const { slug } = useParams()
  const navigate = useNavigate()
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const { docsLang, setLocale } = useLocale()
  const { token } = useAuthStore()
+  const lang = docsLang

-  const [lang, setLang] = useState<DocsLang>(readStoredLang)
  const [themeMode, setThemeMode] = useState<DocsThemeMode>(readStoredThemeMode)
  const [systemTheme, setSystemTheme] = useState<'light' | 'dark'>(getSystemTheme)
  const [catalogItems, setCatalogItems] = useState<DocsCatalogItem[]>([])
@@ -94,14 +93,14 @@ export default function Docs() {
  const groupedEntries = useMemo(() => groupDocsEntries(docsEntries), [docsEntries])
  const effectiveTheme = themeMode === 'system' ? systemTheme : themeMode
  const langOptions = useMemo(() => [
-    { value: 'zh' as const, label: '中文' },
-    { value: 'en' as const, label: 'EN' },
-  ], [])
+    { value: 'zh' as const, label: t('common.zh') },
+    { value: 'en' as const, label: t('common.en') },
+  ], [t])
  const themeOptions = useMemo(() => [
    {
      value: 'light' as const,
-      label: lang === 'zh' ? '浅色' : 'Light',
-      title: lang === 'zh' ? '浅色' : 'Light',
+      label: t('common.themeLight'),
+      title: t('common.themeLight'),
      icon: (
        <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round">
          <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="4" />
@@ -111,8 +110,8 @@ export default function Docs() {
    },
    {
      value: 'system' as const,
-      label: lang === 'zh' ? '系统' : 'System',
-      title: lang === 'zh' ? '跟随系统' : 'Follow system',
+      label: t('common.themeSystem'),
+      title: t('common.themeFollowSystem'),
      icon: (
        <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round">
          <rect x="2" y="3" width="20" height="14" rx="2" ry="2" />
@@ -122,20 +121,19 @@ export default function Docs() {
    },
    {
      value: 'dark' as const,
-      label: lang === 'zh' ? '深色' : 'Dark',
-      title: lang === 'zh' ? '深色' : 'Dark',
+      label: t('common.themeDark'),
+      title: t('common.themeDark'),
      icon: (
        <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round">
          <path d="M12 3a6 6 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 1 1-9-9Z" />
        </svg>
      ),
    },
-  ], [lang])
+  ], [t])

  const handleLangChange = useCallback((newLang: DocsLang) => {
-    setLang(newLang)
-    localStorage.setItem('docs-lang', newLang)
-  }, [])
+    setLocale(localeFromDocsLang(newLang))
+  }, [setLocale])

  const handleThemeModeChange = useCallback((nextMode: DocsThemeMode) => {
    setThemeMode(nextMode)
@@ -313,10 +311,10 @@ export default function Docs() {
          <span className="docs-brand__mark">智</span>
          <span>
            <span className="docs-brand__title">
-              {lang === 'zh' ? '智能星球文档' : 'Intelligent Planet Docs'}
+              {t('docs.brandTitle')}
            </span>
            <span className="docs-brand__subtitle">
-              {lang === 'zh' ? '开发者和用户手册' : 'Developer & User Guide'}
+              {t('docs.brandSubtitle')}
            </span>
          </span>
        </Link>
@@ -359,7 +357,7 @@ export default function Docs() {
        <footer className="docs-sidebar-footer">
          <div className="docs-footer-row docs-footer-row--language">
            <SegmentedControl
-              ariaLabel="Language"
+              ariaLabel={t('docs.footerLanguage')}
              className="docs-lang-toggle"
              options={langOptions}
              scale={FOOTER_CONTROL_SCALE}
@@ -370,7 +368,7 @@ export default function Docs() {

          <div className="docs-footer-row">
            <SegmentedControl
-              ariaLabel="Theme"
+              ariaLabel={t('docs.footerTheme')}
              className="docs-theme-toggle"
              options={themeOptions}
              scale={FOOTER_CONTROL_SCALE}
@@ -385,16 +383,16 @@ export default function Docs() {
        <header className="docs-header">
          <div>
            <p className="docs-header__eyebrow">
-              {activeHeaderEntry ? getDocsGroupLabel(activeHeaderEntry.group, lang) : lang === 'zh' ? '文档' : 'Docs'}
+              {activeHeaderEntry ? getDocsGroupLabel(activeHeaderEntry.group, lang) : t('docs.docs')}
            </p>
            <h1 className="docs-header__title">
-              {activeHeaderEntry?.title || (lang === 'zh' ? '文档不可用' : 'Document unavailable')}
+              {activeHeaderEntry?.title || t('docs.documentUnavailable')}
            </h1>
          </div>

          <div className="docs-search" ref={searchRef}>
            <label className="docs-search__label" htmlFor="docs-search-input">
-              {lang === 'zh' ? '搜索文档' : 'Search docs'}
+              {t('docs.searchLabel')}
            </label>
            <input
              id="docs-search-input"
@@ -409,7 +407,7 @@ export default function Docs() {
                  setIsSearchOpen(true)
                }
              }}
-              placeholder={lang === 'zh' ? '搜索文档...' : 'Search guides, APIs, layers...'}
+              placeholder={t('docs.searchPlaceholder')}
              type="search"
            />
            {shouldShowSearchResults && (
@@ -432,7 +430,7 @@ export default function Docs() {
                    ))
                  ) : (
                    <div className="docs-search__empty">
-                      {lang === 'zh' ? '未找到匹配文档' : 'No matching docs'}
+                      {t('docs.searchEmpty')}
                    </div>
                  )}
                </Scrollbar>
@@ -445,7 +443,7 @@ export default function Docs() {
          <Scrollbar className="docs-article" viewportRef={articleRef}>
            {isCatalogLoading || isLoading ? (
                <div className="docs-state">
-                  {lang === 'zh' ? '加载中...' : 'Loading document...'}
+                  {t('docs.loading')}
                </div>
            ) : docError === 'none' ? (
                <MarkdownRenderer
@@ -458,33 +456,27 @@ export default function Docs() {
              <div className="docs-not-found">
                {docError === 'unauthenticated' ? (
                  <>
-                    <h2>{lang === 'zh' ? '需要登录' : 'Login required'}</h2>
+                    <h2>{t('docs.loginRequired')}</h2>
                    <p>
-                      {lang === 'zh'
-                        ? '这份文档需要登录并具备对应 Gatekeeper 权限组后才能阅读。'
-                        : 'This document requires login and the matching Gatekeeper permission group.'}
+                      {t('docs.loginRequiredDescription')}
                    </p>
-                    <Link to="/admin">{lang === 'zh' ? '前往登录' : 'Go to login'}</Link>
+                    <Link to="/admin">{t('docs.goToLogin')}</Link>
                  </>
                ) : docError === 'forbidden' ? (
                  <>
-                    <h2>{lang === 'zh' ? '无权访问' : 'Permission required'}</h2>
+                    <h2>{t('docs.forbidden')}</h2>
                    <p>
-                      {lang === 'zh'
-                        ? '当前账号没有阅读这份文档所需的 Gatekeeper 权限组。'
-                        : 'Your account does not have the Gatekeeper permission group required for this document.'}
+                      {t('docs.forbiddenDescription')}
                    </p>
-                    <Link to="/docs">{lang === 'zh' ? '返回文档首页' : 'Return to docs overview'}</Link>
+                    <Link to="/docs">{t('docs.returnOverview')}</Link>
                  </>
                ) : (
                  <>
-                    <h2>{lang === 'zh' ? '文档未找到' : 'Document not found'}</h2>
+                    <h2>{t('docs.notFound')}</h2>
                    <p>
-                      {lang === 'zh'
-                        ? '请求的文档不存在，或当前语言没有对应内容。'
-                        : 'The requested guide does not exist or is not available in the current language.'}
+                      {t('docs.notFoundDescription')}
                    </p>
-                    <Link to="/docs">{lang === 'zh' ? '返回文档首页' : 'Return to docs overview'}</Link>
+                    <Link to="/docs">{t('docs.returnOverview')}</Link>
                  </>
                )}
              </div>
@@ -494,7 +486,7 @@ export default function Docs() {
          <aside className="docs-toc" aria-label="Document table of contents">
            <Scrollbar className="docs-toc__inner">
              <h2 className="docs-toc__title">
-                {lang === 'zh' ? '本页目录' : 'On this page'}
+                {t('docs.toc')}
              </h2>
              {headings.length > 0 ? (
                <nav className="docs-toc__nav">
@@ -515,7 +507,7 @@ export default function Docs() {
                </nav>
              ) : (
                <p className="docs-toc__empty">
-                  {lang === 'zh' ? '暂无章节' : 'No sections'}
+                  {t('docs.tocEmpty')}
                </p>
              )}
            </Scrollbar>
--- a/frontend/src/pages/ForgotPassword/ForgotPassword.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/ForgotPassword/ForgotPassword.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import axios from 'axios'
 import { useEffect, useState, type FormEvent } from 'react'
+import { Trans, useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 import { AuthButton, AuthField, AuthForm, AuthInput, AuthLinks, AuthNotice, AuthShell, BackToLogin } from '../Auth/AuthShell'

 const API_URL = import.meta.env.VITE_API_URL || '/api/v1'
@@ -10,15 +11,16 @@ interface ErrorBody {
  }
 }

-function extractDetail(error: unknown): string {
+function extractDetail(error: unknown, fallback: string): string {
  const err = error as ErrorBody
  const detail = err.response?.data?.detail
  if (typeof detail === 'string') return detail
-  if (detail && typeof detail === 'object') return detail.message || detail.code || '操作失败'
-  return '操作失败'
+  if (detail && typeof detail === 'object') return detail.message || detail.code || fallback
+  return fallback
 }

 function ForgotPassword() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
  const [step, setStep] = useState<'request' | 'reset'>('request')
  const [email, setEmail] = useState('')
  const [code, setCode] = useState('')
@@ -41,9 +43,9 @@ function ForgotPassword() {
      await axios.post(`${API_URL}/auth/forgot-password`, { email })
      setStep('reset')
      setCooldown(60)
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'success', text: '若该邮箱已注册，验证码已发送。请到邮箱查收。' })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'success', text: t('auth.recoveryCodeSent') })
    } catch (error) {
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error) })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error, t('common.operationFailed')) })
    } finally {
      setLoading(false)
    }
@@ -58,9 +60,9 @@ function ForgotPassword() {
      setStep('request')
      setCode('')
      setNewPassword('')
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'success', text: '密码已重置，请用新密码登录。' })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'success', text: t('auth.passwordResetSuccess') })
    } catch (error) {
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error) })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error, t('common.operationFailed')) })
    } finally {
      setLoading(false)
    }
@@ -71,38 +73,38 @@ function ForgotPassword() {
    try {
      await axios.post(`${API_URL}/auth/forgot-password`, { email })
      setCooldown(60)
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'success', text: '验证码已重发。' })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'success', text: t('auth.resendSuccess') })
    } catch (error) {
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error) })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error, t('common.operationFailed')) })
    }
  }

  return (
-    <AuthShell eyebrow="Account recovery" title="找回密码" description="通过邮箱验证码重置后台账号密码。">
+    <AuthShell eyebrow={t('auth.accountRecovery')} title={t('auth.forgotPasswordTitle')} description={t('auth.forgotPasswordDescription')}>
      {step === 'request' ? (
        <AuthForm onSubmit={onRequest}>
          {feedback ? <AuthNotice tone={feedback.tone}>{feedback.text}</AuthNotice> : null}
-          <AuthField label="邮箱">
+          <AuthField label={t('auth.email')}>
            <AuthInput value={email} onChange={(event) => setEmail(event.target.value)} type="email" autoComplete="email" required />
          </AuthField>
-          <AuthButton type="submit" loading={loading}>发送验证码</AuthButton>
+          <AuthButton type="submit" loading={loading}>{t('auth.sendCode')}</AuthButton>
          <AuthLinks><BackToLogin /></AuthLinks>
        </AuthForm>
      ) : (
        <AuthForm onSubmit={onReset}>
          {feedback ? <AuthNotice tone={feedback.tone}>{feedback.text}</AuthNotice> : null}
-          <AuthNotice>验证码已发送至 <strong>{email}</strong>，10 分钟内有效。</AuthNotice>
-          <AuthField label="验证码">
+          <AuthNotice><Trans i18nKey="auth.codeSent" values={{ email }} components={{ strong: <strong /> }} /></AuthNotice>
+          <AuthField label={t('auth.code')}>
            <AuthInput value={code} onChange={(event) => setCode(event.target.value)} maxLength={6} inputMode="numeric" required />
          </AuthField>
-          <AuthField label="新密码">
+          <AuthField label={t('auth.newPassword')}>
            <AuthInput value={newPassword} onChange={(event) => setNewPassword(event.target.value)} type="password" minLength={8} autoComplete="new-password" required />
          </AuthField>
-          <AuthButton type="submit" loading={loading}>重置密码</AuthButton>
+          <AuthButton type="submit" loading={loading}>{t('auth.resetPassword')}</AuthButton>
          <AuthLinks>
-            <button className="auth-link auth-link--button" type="button" onClick={() => setStep('request')}>修改邮箱</button>
+            <button className="auth-link auth-link--button" type="button" onClick={() => setStep('request')}>{t('auth.updateEmail')}</button>
            <button className="auth-link auth-link--button" type="button" disabled={cooldown > 0} onClick={onResend}>
-              {cooldown > 0 ? `重发 (${cooldown}s)` : '重新发送验证码'}
+              {cooldown > 0 ? t('auth.resendCountdown', { seconds: cooldown }) : t('auth.resend')}
            </button>
          </AuthLinks>
        </AuthForm>
--- a/frontend/src/pages/Login/Login.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/Login/Login.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState, type FormEvent } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 import { Link, useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom'
 import { AuthButton, AuthField, AuthForm, AuthInput, AuthLinks, AuthNotice, AuthShell } from '../Auth/AuthShell'
 import { useAuthStore } from '../../stores/auth'
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ interface LoginError {
 }

 function Login() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
  const [username, setUsername] = useState('')
  const [password, setPassword] = useState('')
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false)
@@ -23,38 +25,38 @@ function Login() {
    setFeedback(null)
    try {
      await login(username.trim(), password)
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'success', text: '登录成功，正在进入控制台。' })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'success', text: t('auth.loginSuccess') })
      navigate('/admin', { replace: true })
    } catch (error: unknown) {
      const err = error as LoginError
      const detail = err.response?.data?.detail
      if (detail && typeof detail === 'object' && detail.code === 'EMAIL_NOT_VERIFIED') {
-        setFeedback({ tone: 'warning', text: '邮箱未验证，请先完成邮箱验证。' })
+        setFeedback({ tone: 'warning', text: t('auth.emailNotVerified') })
        const email = detail.email ? `?email=${encodeURIComponent(detail.email)}` : ''
        navigate(`/verify-email${email}`)
        return
      }
      const fallback = typeof detail === 'string' ? detail : detail?.message
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: fallback || '登录失败，请检查账号或密码。' })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: fallback || t('auth.loginFailed') })
    } finally {
      setLoading(false)
    }
  }

  return (
-    <AuthShell eyebrow="Welcome back" title="登录 Planet 控制台" description="使用你的后台账号进入运维工作台。">
+    <AuthShell eyebrow={t('auth.welcomeBack')} title={t('auth.loginTitle')} description={t('auth.loginDescription')}>
      <AuthForm onSubmit={onSubmit}>
        {feedback ? <AuthNotice tone={feedback.tone}>{feedback.text}</AuthNotice> : null}
-        <AuthField label="用户名">
+        <AuthField label={t('auth.username')}>
          <AuthInput value={username} onChange={(event) => setUsername(event.target.value)} autoComplete="username" required autoFocus />
        </AuthField>
-        <AuthField label="密码">
+        <AuthField label={t('auth.password')}>
          <AuthInput value={password} onChange={(event) => setPassword(event.target.value)} type="password" autoComplete="current-password" required />
        </AuthField>
-        <AuthButton type="submit" loading={loading}>登录</AuthButton>
+        <AuthButton type="submit" loading={loading}>{t('auth.loginButton')}</AuthButton>
        <AuthLinks>
-          <Link className="auth-link" to="/register">注册账户</Link>
-          <Link className="auth-link" to="/forgot-password">忘记密码？</Link>
+          <Link className="auth-link" to="/register">{t('auth.registerAccount')}</Link>
+          <Link className="auth-link" to="/forgot-password">{t('auth.forgotPassword')}</Link>
        </AuthLinks>
      </AuthForm>
    </AuthShell>
--- a/frontend/src/pages/Register/Register.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/Register/Register.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import axios from 'axios'
 import { useEffect, useState, type FormEvent } from 'react'
+import { Trans, useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 import { Link, useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom'
 import { AuthButton, AuthField, AuthForm, AuthInput, AuthLinks, AuthNotice, AuthShell } from '../Auth/AuthShell'
 import { useAuthStore } from '../../stores/auth'
@@ -15,15 +16,16 @@ interface ErrorBody {
  }
 }

-function extractDetail(error: unknown): string {
+function extractDetail(error: unknown, fallback: string): string {
  const err = error as ErrorBody
  const detail = err.response?.data?.detail
  if (typeof detail === 'string') return detail
-  if (detail && typeof detail === 'object') return detail.message || detail.code || '操作失败'
-  return '操作失败'
+  if (detail && typeof detail === 'object') return detail.message || detail.code || fallback
+  return fallback
 }

 function Register() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
  const navigate = useNavigate()
  const [step, setStep] = useState<'register' | 'verify'>('register')
  const [username, setUsername] = useState('')
@@ -49,9 +51,9 @@ function Register() {
      await axios.post(`${API_URL}/auth/register`, { username: username.trim(), email: email.trim(), password })
      setStep('verify')
      setCooldown(RESEND_COOLDOWN_SECONDS)
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'success', text: '验证码已发送到邮箱。' })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'success', text: t('auth.verificationSent') })
    } catch (error) {
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error) })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error, t('common.operationFailed')) })
    } finally {
      setLoading(false)
    }
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ function Register() {
      axios.defaults.headers.common.Authorization = `Bearer ${access_token}`
      navigate('/admin', { replace: true })
    } catch (error) {
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error) })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error, t('common.operationFailed')) })
    } finally {
      setLoading(false)
    }
@@ -81,46 +83,46 @@ function Register() {
    try {
      await axios.post(`${API_URL}/auth/resend-code`, { email, purpose: 'register' })
      setCooldown(RESEND_COOLDOWN_SECONDS)
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'success', text: '验证码已重发。' })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'success', text: t('auth.resendSuccess') })
    } catch (error) {
      const err = error as ErrorBody
      const detail = err.response?.data?.detail
      if (detail && typeof detail === 'object' && detail.retry_after_seconds) setCooldown(detail.retry_after_seconds)
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error) })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error, t('common.operationFailed')) })
    } finally {
      setResending(false)
    }
  }

  return (
-    <AuthShell eyebrow="Create account" title={step === 'register' ? '注册账户' : '验证邮箱'} description="创建账号后需要完成邮箱验证，验证成功会自动进入控制台。">
+    <AuthShell eyebrow={t('auth.createAccount')} title={step === 'register' ? t('auth.registerAccount') : t('auth.verifyEmail')} description={t('auth.registerDescription')}>
      {step === 'register' ? (
        <AuthForm onSubmit={onRegister}>
          {feedback ? <AuthNotice tone={feedback.tone}>{feedback.text}</AuthNotice> : null}
-          <AuthField label="用户名" hint="3-50 个字符">
+          <AuthField label={t('auth.username')} hint={t('auth.usernameHint')}>
            <AuthInput value={username} onChange={(event) => setUsername(event.target.value)} minLength={3} maxLength={50} required autoComplete="username" />
          </AuthField>
-          <AuthField label="邮箱">
+          <AuthField label={t('auth.email')}>
            <AuthInput value={email} onChange={(event) => setEmail(event.target.value)} type="email" required autoComplete="email" />
          </AuthField>
-          <AuthField label="密码" hint="至少 8 位">
+          <AuthField label={t('auth.password')} hint={t('auth.passwordHint')}>
            <AuthInput value={password} onChange={(event) => setPassword(event.target.value)} type="password" minLength={8} required autoComplete="new-password" />
          </AuthField>
-          <AuthButton type="submit" loading={loading}>注册</AuthButton>
-          <AuthLinks><Link className="auth-link" to="/login">已有账号，去登录</Link></AuthLinks>
+          <AuthButton type="submit" loading={loading}>{t('auth.register')}</AuthButton>
+          <AuthLinks><Link className="auth-link" to="/login">{t('auth.alreadyHaveAccount')}</Link></AuthLinks>
        </AuthForm>
      ) : (
        <AuthForm onSubmit={onVerify}>
          {feedback ? <AuthNotice tone={feedback.tone}>{feedback.text}</AuthNotice> : null}
-          <AuthNotice>已将 6 位验证码发送至 <strong>{email}</strong>，10 分钟内有效。</AuthNotice>
-          <AuthField label="验证码">
+          <AuthNotice><Trans i18nKey="auth.codeSent" values={{ email }} components={{ strong: <strong /> }} /></AuthNotice>
+          <AuthField label={t('auth.code')}>
            <AuthInput value={code} onChange={(event) => setCode(event.target.value)} maxLength={6} inputMode="numeric" required />
          </AuthField>
-          <AuthButton type="submit" loading={loading}>验证并登录</AuthButton>
+          <AuthButton type="submit" loading={loading}>{t('auth.verifyAndLogin')}</AuthButton>
          <AuthLinks>
-            <button className="auth-link auth-link--button" type="button" onClick={() => setStep('register')}>修改邮箱</button>
+            <button className="auth-link auth-link--button" type="button" onClick={() => setStep('register')}>{t('auth.updateEmail')}</button>
            <button className="auth-link auth-link--button" type="button" disabled={cooldown > 0 || resending} onClick={onResend}>
-              {cooldown > 0 ? `重发 (${cooldown}s)` : '重新发送验证码'}
+              {cooldown > 0 ? t('auth.resendCountdown', { seconds: cooldown }) : t('auth.resend')}
            </button>
          </AuthLinks>
        </AuthForm>
--- a/frontend/src/pages/VerifyEmail/VerifyEmail.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/VerifyEmail/VerifyEmail.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import axios from 'axios'
 import { useEffect, useState, type FormEvent } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 import { useNavigate, useSearchParams } from 'react-router-dom'
 import { AuthButton, AuthField, AuthForm, AuthInput, AuthLinks, AuthNotice, AuthShell, BackToLogin } from '../Auth/AuthShell'
 import { useAuthStore } from '../../stores/auth'
@@ -12,15 +13,16 @@ interface ErrorBody {
  }
 }

-function extractDetail(error: unknown): string {
+function extractDetail(error: unknown, fallback: string): string {
  const err = error as ErrorBody
  const detail = err.response?.data?.detail
  if (typeof detail === 'string') return detail
-  if (detail && typeof detail === 'object') return detail.message || detail.code || '操作失败'
-  return '操作失败'
+  if (detail && typeof detail === 'object') return detail.message || detail.code || fallback
+  return fallback
 }

 function VerifyEmail() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
  const navigate = useNavigate()
  const [search] = useSearchParams()
  const [email, setEmail] = useState(search.get('email') || '')
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ function VerifyEmail() {
      axios.defaults.headers.common.Authorization = `Bearer ${access_token}`
      navigate('/admin', { replace: true })
    } catch (error) {
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error) })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error, t('common.operationFailed')) })
    } finally {
      setLoading(false)
    }
@@ -60,32 +62,32 @@ function VerifyEmail() {
    try {
      await axios.post(`${API_URL}/auth/resend-code`, { email, purpose: 'register' })
      setCooldown(60)
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'success', text: '验证码已重发。' })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'success', text: t('auth.resendSuccess') })
    } catch (error) {
      const err = error as ErrorBody
      const detail = err.response?.data?.detail
      if (detail && typeof detail === 'object' && detail.retry_after_seconds) setCooldown(detail.retry_after_seconds)
-      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error) })
+      setFeedback({ tone: 'error', text: extractDetail(error, t('common.operationFailed')) })
    } finally {
      setResending(false)
    }
  }

  return (
-    <AuthShell eyebrow="Email verification" title="验证邮箱" description="输入邮箱验证码后会自动登录并进入控制台。">
+    <AuthShell eyebrow={t('auth.emailVerification')} title={t('auth.verifyEmail')} description={t('auth.verifyEmailDescription')}>
      <AuthForm onSubmit={onVerify}>
        {feedback ? <AuthNotice tone={feedback.tone}>{feedback.text}</AuthNotice> : null}
-        <AuthField label="邮箱">
+        <AuthField label={t('auth.email')}>
          <AuthInput value={email} onChange={(event) => setEmail(event.target.value)} type="email" autoComplete="email" required />
        </AuthField>
-        <AuthField label="验证码">
+        <AuthField label={t('auth.code')}>
          <AuthInput value={code} onChange={(event) => setCode(event.target.value)} maxLength={6} inputMode="numeric" required />
        </AuthField>
-        <AuthButton type="submit" loading={loading} disabled={!email}>验证并登录</AuthButton>
+        <AuthButton type="submit" loading={loading} disabled={!email}>{t('auth.verifyAndLogin')}</AuthButton>
        <AuthLinks>
          <BackToLogin />
          <button className="auth-link auth-link--button" type="button" disabled={cooldown > 0 || resending || !email} onClick={onResend}>
-            {cooldown > 0 ? `重发 (${cooldown}s)` : '重新发送验证码'}
+            {cooldown > 0 ? t('auth.resendCountdown', { seconds: cooldown }) : t('auth.resend')}
          </button>
        </AuthLinks>
      </AuthForm>